Add netlink socket

1 files changed, 423 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/md/notes/kernel/netlink_show_ip.md b/md/notes/kernel/netlink_show_ip.md
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+title: Netlink socket show ip
+keywords: kernel,linux,netlink,socket,ip
+
+# Netlink show network interface ip's
+
+This example based on reading netlink socket and using kernel builtin netlink protocols.
+
+As base is used netlink example.
+
+
+__Makefile__
+```Makefile
+make:
+	gcc netlink_show_ip.c -o netlink_show_ip
+```
+
+
+__netlink_show_ip.c__
+```c
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+
+#define PAYLOAD_SIZE 1024  /* maximum payload size*/
+#define NETLINK_PROTO 23
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+
+    struct sockaddr_nl src_addr;
+    struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
+    struct msghdr msg;
+    struct iovec iov;
+    int sock_fd;
+    int ret;
+
+
+    sock_fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+	if (sock_fd < 0)
+	{
+		printf("socket creation for NETLINK failed...\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+    close(sock_fd);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## Add socket configuration 
+
+Here we configure netlink socket and send message to request ip addresses from NETLINK_ROUTE
+
+```c
+...
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+...
+	memset(&src_addr, 0, sizeof(src_addr));
+	src_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
+
+	//bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&src_addr, sizeof(src_addr));//???
+
+
+	// assemble the message according to the netlink protocol
+	nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(PAYLOAD_SIZE));
+	memset(nlh, 0, NLMSG_SPACE(PAYLOAD_SIZE));
+	nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+	nlh->nlmsg_type = RTM_GETADDR;
+	nlh->nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_ROOT;
+
+	struct ifaddrmsg *ifa;
+	ifa = (struct ifaddrmsg*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
+	ifa->ifa_family = AF_INET; // we only get ipv4 address here
+
+	// prepare struct msghdr for sending.
+	memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
+	iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh;
+	iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
+
+	memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
+	msg.msg_name = (void *)&src_addr;
+	msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(src_addr);
+	msg.msg_iov = &iov;
+	msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
+
+
+	// send netlink message to kernel.
+	ret = sendmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		printf("Can't send message to netlink socket\n");
+	}
+...
+}
+
+```
+
+## Receive and process netlink replies
+
+```c
+#define NLMSG_NEXT(nlh,len)	 ((len) -= NLMSG_ALIGN((nlh)->nlmsg_len), \
+				  (struct nlmsghdr*)(((char*)(nlh)) + NLMSG_ALIGN((nlh)->nlmsg_len)))
+#define NLMSG_OK(nlh,len) ((len) >= (int)sizeof(struct nlmsghdr) && \
+			   (nlh)->nlmsg_len >= sizeof(struct nlmsghdr) && \
+			   (nlh)->nlmsg_len <= (len))
+```
+
+
+Message types
+
+```c
+#define NLMSG_NOOP		0x1	/* Nothing.		*/
+#define NLMSG_ERROR		0x2	/* Error		*/
+#define NLMSG_DONE		0x3	/* End of a dump	*/
+#define NLMSG_OVERRUN		0x4	/* Data lost		*/
+```
+
+Definition of message rtnetlink types
+
+```c
+	RTM_NEWADDR	= 20,
+#define RTM_NEWADDR	RTM_NEWADDR
+```
+
+List of type of RTA types 
+
+```c
+enum {
+	IFA_UNSPEC,
+	IFA_ADDRESS,
+	IFA_LOCAL,
+	IFA_LABEL,
+	IFA_BROADCAST,
+	IFA_ANYCAST,
+	IFA_CACHEINFO,
+	IFA_MULTICAST,
+	IFA_FLAGS,
+	IFA_RT_PRIORITY,	/* u32, priority/metric for prefix route */
+	IFA_TARGET_NETNSID,
+	IFA_PROTO,		/* u8, address protocol */
+	__IFA_MAX,
+};
+```
+
+Receiving netlink message from a 
+
+```c
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
+...
+...
+
+int main(){
+...
+do {
+        ret = recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg_recv, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            printf("Can't receive reply message\n");
+            break;
+        }
+        
+        if (ret==0) {
+            printf("received 0 byte reply\n");
+            break;
+        }
+        
+        ret_len = ret;
+        nlh_recv = (struct nlmsghdr*)recv_buf;
+        while (NLMSG_OK(nlh_recv, (uint32_t)ret_len) && (nlh_recv->nlmsg_type != NLMSG_DONE))
+        {
+            printf("received message type %d\n", nlh_recv->nlmsg_type);
+            if (nlh_recv->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR) {
+                printf("Message error\n");
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (nlh_recv->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWADDR) {
+            	...
+            }
+            nlh_recv = NLMSG_NEXT(nlh_recv, ret);
+        }  
+    } while ((nl_msg_type != NLMSG_DONE) && (nl_msg_type != NLMSG_ERROR));
+...
+}
+```
+
+After message type is detected parse the RTNETLINK message
+
+```c
+int main() {
+...
+              ifa_recv = (struct ifaddrmsg*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh_recv);
+                int ifa_len = IFA_PAYLOAD(nlh_recv);
+                rta = IFA_RTA(ifa_recv);
+                printf("interface %s\n", if_indextoname(ifa_recv->ifa_index, ifname));
+                printf("prefix length %d\n", ifa_recv->ifa_prefixlen);
+                while (RTA_OK(rta, ret_len)) {
+                    rta = RTA_NEXT(rta, ifa_len);
+
+                    char ip[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+
+                    //parse the message
+                    if (rta->rta_type == IFA_ADDRESS) {
+                        inet_ntop(ifa_recv->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(rta), ip, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
+                        printf("IFA_ADDRESS %s\n", ip);
+                    }
+
+                    if (rta->rta_type == IFA_LOCAL) {
+                        inet_ntop(ifa_recv->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(rta), ip, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
+                        printf("IFA_LOCAL %s\n", ip);
+                    }
+
+                    if (rta->rta_type == IFA_BROADCAST) {
+                        inet_ntop(ifa_recv->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(rta), ip, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
+                        printf("IFA_BROADCAST %s\n", ip);
+                    }
+                }
+...
+}
+```
+
+
+
+## Build
+
+```sh
+make
+```
+
+## Run 
+
+```sh
+./netlink_show_ip
+```
+
+Output looks like
+
+```
+received message type 20
+interface lo
+prefix length 8
+IFA_LOCAL 127.0.0.1
+received message type 20
+interface enp0
+prefix length 22
+IFA_LOCAL 192.168.1.149
+IFA_BROADCAST 192.168.1.255
+```
+
+## Final result
+
+
+__netlink_show_ip.c__
+```c
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
+
+#define PAYLOAD_SIZE 4096  /* maximum payload size*/
+
+char recv_buf[4096];
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+
+    struct sockaddr_nl src_addr;
+    struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
+    struct nlmsghdr *nlh_recv;
+    struct msghdr msg;
+    struct msghdr msg_recv;
+    struct iovec iov;
+    struct iovec iov_recv;
+    struct ifaddrmsg *ifa;
+    struct ifaddrmsg *ifa_recv;
+    struct rtattr *rta = NULL;
+    int sock_fd;
+    int ret;
+    int ret_len;
+    uint32_t nl_msg_type;
+    char ifname[IF_NAMESIZE];
+    
+    sock_fd = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+	if (sock_fd < 0)
+	{
+		printf("socket creation for NETLINK failed...\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+    memset(&src_addr, 0, sizeof(src_addr));
+    src_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
+
+    bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&src_addr, sizeof(src_addr));//???
+
+
+    // assemble the message according to the netlink protocol
+	nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(PAYLOAD_SIZE));
+    memset(nlh, 0, NLMSG_SPACE(PAYLOAD_SIZE));
+	nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(PAYLOAD_SIZE);
+	nlh->nlmsg_type = RTM_GETADDR;
+	nlh->nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_ROOT;
+
+    
+	ifa = (struct ifaddrmsg*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh);
+	ifa->ifa_family = AF_INET; // we only get ipv4 address here
+
+	// prepare struct msghdr for sending.
+    memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
+    iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh;
+    iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
+
+	//struct msghdr msg = { src_addr, sizeof(*src_addr), &iov, 1, NULL, 0, 0 };
+    memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
+    msg.msg_name = (void *)&src_addr;
+    msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(src_addr);
+    msg.msg_iov = &iov;
+    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
+
+	// send netlink message to kernel.
+	ret = sendmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+        printf("Can't send message to netlink socket\n");
+    }
+
+    //prepare to receive reply
+    memset(&iov_recv, 0, sizeof(iov_recv));
+    iov_recv.iov_base = recv_buf;
+    iov_recv.iov_len = PAYLOAD_SIZE;
+
+    memset(&msg_recv, 0, sizeof(msg_recv));
+	msg_recv.msg_name = (void *)&src_addr;
+	msg_recv.msg_namelen = sizeof(src_addr);
+	msg_recv.msg_iov = &iov_recv;
+	msg_recv.msg_iovlen = 1;
+
+
+    do {
+        ret = recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg_recv, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            printf("Can't receive reply message\n");
+            break;
+        }
+        
+        if (ret==0) {
+            printf("received 0 byte reply\n");
+            break;
+        }
+        
+        ret_len = ret;
+        nlh_recv = (struct nlmsghdr*)recv_buf;
+        while (NLMSG_OK(nlh_recv, (uint32_t)ret_len) && (nlh_recv->nlmsg_type != NLMSG_DONE))
+        {
+            printf("received message type %d\n", nlh_recv->nlmsg_type);
+            if (nlh_recv->nlmsg_type == NLMSG_ERROR) {
+                printf("Message error\n");
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (nlh_recv->nlmsg_type == RTM_NEWADDR) {
+                ifa_recv = (struct ifaddrmsg*)NLMSG_DATA(nlh_recv);
+                int ifa_len = IFA_PAYLOAD(nlh_recv);
+                rta = IFA_RTA(ifa_recv);
+                printf("interface %s\n", if_indextoname(ifa_recv->ifa_index, ifname));
+                printf("prefix length %d\n", ifa_recv->ifa_prefixlen);
+                while (RTA_OK(rta, ret_len)) {
+                    rta = RTA_NEXT(rta, ifa_len);
+
+                    char ip[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+
+                    //parse the message
+                    if (rta->rta_type == IFA_ADDRESS) {
+                        inet_ntop(ifa_recv->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(rta), ip, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
+                        printf("IFA_ADDRESS %s\n", ip);
+                    }
+
+                    if (rta->rta_type == IFA_LOCAL) {
+                        inet_ntop(ifa_recv->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(rta), ip, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
+                        printf("IFA_LOCAL %s\n", ip);
+                    }
+
+                    if (rta->rta_type == IFA_BROADCAST) {
+                        inet_ntop(ifa_recv->ifa_family, RTA_DATA(rta), ip, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
+                        printf("IFA_BROADCAST %s\n", ip);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            nlh_recv = NLMSG_NEXT(nlh_recv, ret);
+        }  
+    } while ((nl_msg_type != NLMSG_DONE) && (nl_msg_type != NLMSG_ERROR));
+
+    close(sock_fd);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## Links
+
+1. [/notes/kernel/netlink_socket.md](/notes/kernel/netlink_socket.md)
+1. https://github.com/d0u9/examples/blob/master/C/netlink/ip_show.c
+2. https://gist.github.com/luohao-brian/7535fa346f37450137e5db45cd793ace  
+3. https://github.com/mwarning/netlink-examples/tree/master  
+4. https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.6.20/source/include/uapi/linux/rtnetlink.h#L42
+5. https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.6.20/source/include/uapi/linux/netlink.h#L100  
+