Compilable rusb for linux

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 4527 deletions

diff --git a/src/os/windows_winusb.c b/src/os/windows_winusb.c
deleted file mode 100644
index a03d6a5..0000000
--- a/src/os/windows_winusb.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4527 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * windows backend for libusb 1.0
- * Copyright © 2009-2012 Pete Batard <pete@akeo.ie>
- * Copyright © 2016-2018 Chris Dickens <christopher.a.dickens@gmail.com>
- * With contributions from Michael Plante, Orin Eman et al.
- * Parts of this code adapted from libusb-win32-v1 by Stephan Meyer
- * HID Reports IOCTLs inspired from HIDAPI by Alan Ott, Signal 11 Software
- * Hash table functions adapted from glibc, by Ulrich Drepper et al.
- * Major code testing contribution by Xiaofan Chen
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
- * Lesser General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
- */
-
-#include <config.h>
-
-#include <windows.h>
-#include <setupapi.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#include "libusbi.h"
-#include "windows_winusb.h"
-
-#define HANDLE_VALID(h) (((h) != NULL) && ((h) != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE))
-
-// The below macro is used in conjunction with safe loops.
-#define LOOP_BREAK(err)				\
-	{					\
-		r = err;			\
-		continue;			\
-	}
-
-// WinUSB-like API prototypes
-static bool winusbx_init(struct libusb_context *ctx);
-static void winusbx_exit(void);
-static int winusbx_open(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
-static void winusbx_close(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
-static int winusbx_configure_endpoints(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface);
-static int winusbx_claim_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface);
-static int winusbx_release_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface);
-static int winusbx_submit_control_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
-static int winusbx_set_interface_altsetting(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface, uint8_t altsetting);
-static int winusbx_submit_iso_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
-static int winusbx_submit_bulk_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
-static int winusbx_clear_halt(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint);
-static int winusbx_cancel_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
-static int winusbx_reset_device(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
-static enum libusb_transfer_status winusbx_copy_transfer_data(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, DWORD length);
-// HID API prototypes
-static bool hid_init(struct libusb_context *ctx);
-static void hid_exit(void);
-static int hid_open(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
-static void hid_close(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
-static int hid_claim_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface);
-static int hid_release_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface);
-static int hid_set_interface_altsetting(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface, uint8_t altsetting);
-static int hid_submit_control_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
-static int hid_submit_bulk_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
-static int hid_clear_halt(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint);
-static int hid_reset_device(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
-static enum libusb_transfer_status hid_copy_transfer_data(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, DWORD length);
-// Composite API prototypes
-static int composite_open(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
-static void composite_close(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
-static int composite_claim_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface);
-static int composite_set_interface_altsetting(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface, uint8_t altsetting);
-static int composite_release_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface);
-static int composite_submit_control_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
-static int composite_submit_bulk_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
-static int composite_submit_iso_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
-static int composite_clear_halt(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint);
-static int composite_cancel_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
-static int composite_reset_device(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
-static enum libusb_transfer_status composite_copy_transfer_data(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, DWORD length);
-
-static usbi_mutex_t autoclaim_lock;
-
-// API globals
-static struct winusb_interface WinUSBX[SUB_API_MAX];
-#define CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api)		\
-	do {						\
-		if (sub_api == SUB_API_NOTSET)		\
-			sub_api = priv->sub_api;	\
-		if (WinUSBX[sub_api].hDll == NULL)	\
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;	\
-	} while (0)
-
-#define CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE				\
-	do {						\
-		if (DLL_HANDLE_NAME(hid) == NULL)	\
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;	\
-	} while (0)
-
-#if defined(ENABLE_LOGGING)
-static const char *guid_to_string(const GUID *guid, char guid_string[MAX_GUID_STRING_LENGTH])
-{
-	if (guid == NULL) {
-		guid_string[0] = '\0';
-		return guid_string;
-	}
-
-	sprintf(guid_string, "{%08X-%04X-%04X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X}",
-		(unsigned int)guid->Data1, guid->Data2, guid->Data3,
-		guid->Data4[0], guid->Data4[1], guid->Data4[2], guid->Data4[3],
-		guid->Data4[4], guid->Data4[5], guid->Data4[6], guid->Data4[7]);
-
-	return guid_string;
-}
-#endif
-
-static bool string_to_guid(const char guid_string[MAX_GUID_STRING_LENGTH], GUID *guid)
-{
-	unsigned short tmp[4];
-	int num_chars = -1;
-	char extra;
-	int r;
-
-	// Unfortunately MinGW complains that '%hhx' is not a valid format specifier,
-	// even though Visual Studio 2013 and later support it. Rather than complicating
-	// the logic in this function with '#ifdef's, use a temporary array on the stack
-	// to store the conversions.
-	r = sscanf(guid_string, "{%8x-%4hx-%4hx-%4hx-%4hx%4hx%4hx}%n%c",
-		(unsigned int *)&guid->Data1, &guid->Data2, &guid->Data3,
-		&tmp[0], &tmp[1], &tmp[2], &tmp[3], &num_chars, &extra);
-
-	if ((r != 7) || (num_chars != 38))
-		return false;
-
-	// Extract the bytes from the 2-byte shorts
-	guid->Data4[0] = (unsigned char)((tmp[0] >> 8) & 0xFF);
-	guid->Data4[1] = (unsigned char)(tmp[0] & 0xFF);
-	guid->Data4[2] = (unsigned char)((tmp[1] >> 8) & 0xFF);
-	guid->Data4[3] = (unsigned char)(tmp[1] & 0xFF);
-	guid->Data4[4] = (unsigned char)((tmp[2] >> 8) & 0xFF);
-	guid->Data4[5] = (unsigned char)(tmp[2] & 0xFF);
-	guid->Data4[6] = (unsigned char)((tmp[3] >> 8) & 0xFF);
-	guid->Data4[7] = (unsigned char)(tmp[3] & 0xFF);
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * Normalize Microsoft's paths: return a duplicate of the given path
- * with all characters converted to uppercase
- */
-static char *normalize_path(const char *path)
-{
-	char *ret_path = _strdup(path);
-	char *p;
-
-	if (ret_path == NULL)
-		return NULL;
-
-	for (p = ret_path; *p != '\0'; p++)
-		*p = (char)toupper((unsigned char)*p);
-
-	return ret_path;
-}
-
-/*
- * Cfgmgr32, AdvAPI32, OLE32 and SetupAPI DLL functions
- */
-static bool init_dlls(struct libusb_context *ctx)
-{
-	DLL_GET_HANDLE(ctx, Cfgmgr32);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(Cfgmgr32, CM_Get_Parent, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(Cfgmgr32, CM_Get_Child, true);
-
-	// Prefixed to avoid conflict with header files
-	DLL_GET_HANDLE(ctx, AdvAPI32);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC_PREFIXED(AdvAPI32, p, RegQueryValueExA, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC_PREFIXED(AdvAPI32, p, RegCloseKey, true);
-
-	DLL_GET_HANDLE(ctx, SetupAPI);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC_PREFIXED(SetupAPI, p, SetupDiGetClassDevsA, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC_PREFIXED(SetupAPI, p, SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC_PREFIXED(SetupAPI, p, SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC_PREFIXED(SetupAPI, p, SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceIdA, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC_PREFIXED(SetupAPI, p, SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC_PREFIXED(SetupAPI, p, SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC_PREFIXED(SetupAPI, p, SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC_PREFIXED(SetupAPI, p, SetupDiOpenDevRegKey, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC_PREFIXED(SetupAPI, p, SetupDiOpenDeviceInterfaceRegKey, true);
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-static void exit_dlls(void)
-{
-	DLL_FREE_HANDLE(SetupAPI);
-	DLL_FREE_HANDLE(AdvAPI32);
-	DLL_FREE_HANDLE(Cfgmgr32);
-}
-
-/*
- * enumerate interfaces for the whole USB class
- *
- * Parameters:
- * dev_info: a pointer to a dev_info list
- * dev_info_data: a pointer to an SP_DEVINFO_DATA to be filled (or NULL if not needed)
- * enumerator: the generic USB class for which to retrieve interface details
- * index: zero based index of the interface in the device info list
- *
- * Note: it is the responsibility of the caller to free the DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA
- * structure returned and call this function repeatedly using the same guid (with an
- * incremented index starting at zero) until all interfaces have been returned.
- */
-static bool get_devinfo_data(struct libusb_context *ctx,
-	HDEVINFO *dev_info, SP_DEVINFO_DATA *dev_info_data, const char *enumerator, unsigned _index)
-{
-	if (_index == 0) {
-		*dev_info = pSetupDiGetClassDevsA(NULL, enumerator, NULL, DIGCF_PRESENT|DIGCF_ALLCLASSES);
-		if (*dev_info == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "could not obtain device info set for PnP enumerator '%s': %s",
-				enumerator, windows_error_str(0));
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	dev_info_data->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA);
-	if (!pSetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(*dev_info, _index, dev_info_data)) {
-		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS)
-			usbi_err(ctx, "could not obtain device info data for PnP enumerator '%s' index %u: %s",
-				enumerator, _index, windows_error_str(0));
-
-		pSetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(*dev_info);
-		*dev_info = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-		return false;
-	}
-	return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * enumerate interfaces for a specific GUID
- *
- * Parameters:
- * dev_info: a pointer to a dev_info list
- * dev_info_data: a pointer to an SP_DEVINFO_DATA to be filled (or NULL if not needed)
- * guid: the GUID for which to retrieve interface details
- * index: zero based index of the interface in the device info list
- *
- * Note: it is the responsibility of the caller to free the DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA
- * structure returned and call this function repeatedly using the same guid (with an
- * incremented index starting at zero) until all interfaces have been returned.
- */
-static int get_interface_details(struct libusb_context *ctx, HDEVINFO dev_info,
-	PSP_DEVINFO_DATA dev_info_data, LPCGUID guid, DWORD *_index, char **dev_interface_path)
-{
-	SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA dev_interface_data;
-	PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_A dev_interface_details;
-	char guid_string[MAX_GUID_STRING_LENGTH];
-	DWORD size;
-
-	dev_info_data->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA);
-	dev_interface_data.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA);
-	for (;;) {
-		if (!pSetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(dev_info, *_index, dev_info_data)) {
-			if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS) {
-				usbi_err(ctx, "Could not obtain device info data for %s index %lu: %s",
-					guid_to_string(guid, guid_string), ULONG_CAST(*_index), windows_error_str(0));
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-			}
-
-			// No more devices
-			return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-		}
-
-		// Always advance the index for the next iteration
-		(*_index)++;
-
-		if (pSetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(dev_info, dev_info_data, guid, 0, &dev_interface_data))
-			break;
-
-		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "Could not obtain interface data for %s devInst %lX: %s",
-				guid_to_string(guid, guid_string), ULONG_CAST(dev_info_data->DevInst), windows_error_str(0));
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-		}
-
-		// Device does not have an interface matching this GUID, skip
-	}
-
-	// Read interface data (dummy + actual) to access the device path
-	if (!pSetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA(dev_info, &dev_interface_data, NULL, 0, &size, NULL)) {
-		// The dummy call should fail with ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER
-		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "could not access interface data (dummy) for %s devInst %lX: %s",
-				guid_to_string(guid, guid_string), ULONG_CAST(dev_info_data->DevInst), windows_error_str(0));
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-		}
-	} else {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms792901.aspx is wrong");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-	}
-
-	dev_interface_details = malloc(size);
-	if (dev_interface_details == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate interface data for %s devInst %lX",
-			guid_to_string(guid, guid_string), ULONG_CAST(dev_info_data->DevInst));
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-	}
-
-	dev_interface_details->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_A);
-	if (!pSetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA(dev_info, &dev_interface_data,
-		dev_interface_details, size, NULL, NULL)) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "could not access interface data (actual) for %s devInst %lX: %s",
-			guid_to_string(guid, guid_string), ULONG_CAST(dev_info_data->DevInst), windows_error_str(0));
-		free(dev_interface_details);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-	}
-
-	*dev_interface_path = normalize_path(dev_interface_details->DevicePath);
-	free(dev_interface_details);
-
-	if (*dev_interface_path == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate interface path for %s devInst %lX",
-			guid_to_string(guid, guid_string), ULONG_CAST(dev_info_data->DevInst));
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/* For libusb0 filter */
-static int get_interface_details_filter(struct libusb_context *ctx, HDEVINFO *dev_info,
-	DWORD _index, char *filter_path, char **dev_interface_path)
-{
-	const GUID *libusb0_guid = &GUID_DEVINTERFACE_LIBUSB0_FILTER;
-	SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA dev_interface_data;
-	PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_A dev_interface_details;
-	HKEY hkey_dev_interface;
-	DWORD size;
-	int err = LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-
-	if (_index == 0) {
-		*dev_info = pSetupDiGetClassDevsA(libusb0_guid, NULL, NULL, DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);
-		if (*dev_info == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "could not obtain device info set: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-		}
-	}
-
-	dev_interface_data.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA);
-	if (!pSetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(*dev_info, NULL, libusb0_guid, _index, &dev_interface_data)) {
-		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "Could not obtain interface data for index %lu: %s",
-				ULONG_CAST(_index), windows_error_str(0));
-			goto err_exit;
-		}
-
-		pSetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(*dev_info);
-		*dev_info = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	// Read interface data (dummy + actual) to access the device path
-	if (!pSetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA(*dev_info, &dev_interface_data, NULL, 0, &size, NULL)) {
-		// The dummy call should fail with ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER
-		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "could not access interface data (dummy) for index %lu: %s",
-				ULONG_CAST(_index), windows_error_str(0));
-			goto err_exit;
-		}
-	} else {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms792901.aspx is wrong");
-		goto err_exit;
-	}
-
-	dev_interface_details = malloc(size);
-	if (dev_interface_details == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate interface data for index %lu", ULONG_CAST(_index));
-		err = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-		goto err_exit;
-	}
-
-	dev_interface_details->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_A);
-	if (!pSetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA(*dev_info, &dev_interface_data, dev_interface_details, size, NULL, NULL)) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "could not access interface data (actual) for index %lu: %s",
-			ULONG_CAST(_index), windows_error_str(0));
-		free(dev_interface_details);
-		goto err_exit;
-	}
-
-	*dev_interface_path = normalize_path(dev_interface_details->DevicePath);
-	free(dev_interface_details);
-
-	if (*dev_interface_path == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate interface path for index %lu", ULONG_CAST(_index));
-		err = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-		goto err_exit;
-	}
-
-	// [trobinso] lookup the libusb0 symbolic index.
-	hkey_dev_interface = pSetupDiOpenDeviceInterfaceRegKey(*dev_info, &dev_interface_data, 0, KEY_READ);
-	if (hkey_dev_interface != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-		DWORD libusb0_symboliclink_index = 0;
-		DWORD value_length = sizeof(DWORD);
-		LONG status;
-
-		status = pRegQueryValueExA(hkey_dev_interface, "LUsb0", NULL, NULL,
-			(LPBYTE)&libusb0_symboliclink_index, &value_length);
-		if (status == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
-			if (libusb0_symboliclink_index < 256) {
-				// libusb0.sys is connected to this device instance.
-				// If the the device interface guid is {F9F3FF14-AE21-48A0-8A25-8011A7A931D9} then it's a filter.
-				sprintf(filter_path, "\\\\.\\libusb0-%04u", (unsigned int)libusb0_symboliclink_index);
-				usbi_dbg(ctx, "assigned libusb0 symbolic link %s", filter_path);
-			} else {
-				// libusb0.sys was connected to this device instance at one time; but not anymore.
-			}
-		}
-		pRegCloseKey(hkey_dev_interface);
-	} else {
-		usbi_warn(ctx, "could not open device interface registry key for index %lu: %s",
-			ULONG_CAST(_index), windows_error_str(0));
-		// TODO: should this be an error?
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-
-err_exit:
-	pSetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(*dev_info);
-	*dev_info = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-	return err;
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns the first known ancestor of a device
- */
-static struct libusb_device *get_ancestor(struct libusb_context *ctx,
-	DEVINST devinst, PDEVINST _parent_devinst)
-{
-	struct libusb_device *dev = NULL;
-	DEVINST parent_devinst;
-
-	while (dev == NULL) {
-		if (CM_Get_Parent(&parent_devinst, devinst, 0) != CR_SUCCESS)
-			break;
-		devinst = parent_devinst;
-		dev = usbi_get_device_by_session_id(ctx, (unsigned long)devinst);
-	}
-
-	if ((dev != NULL) && (_parent_devinst != NULL))
-		*_parent_devinst = devinst;
-
-	return dev;
-}
-
-/*
- * Determine which interface the given endpoint address belongs to
- */
-static int get_interface_by_endpoint(struct libusb_config_descriptor *conf_desc, uint8_t ep)
-{
-	const struct libusb_interface *intf;
-	const struct libusb_interface_descriptor *intf_desc;
-	uint8_t i, k;
-	int j;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < conf_desc->bNumInterfaces; i++) {
-		intf = &conf_desc->interface[i];
-		for (j = 0; j < intf->num_altsetting; j++) {
-			intf_desc = &intf->altsetting[j];
-			for (k = 0; k < intf_desc->bNumEndpoints; k++) {
-				if (intf_desc->endpoint[k].bEndpointAddress == ep) {
-					usbi_dbg(NULL, "found endpoint %02X on interface %d", intf_desc->bInterfaceNumber, i);
-					return intf_desc->bInterfaceNumber;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	usbi_dbg(NULL, "endpoint %02X not found on any interface", ep);
-	return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-}
-
-/*
- * Open a device and associate the HANDLE with the context's I/O completion port
- */
-static HANDLE windows_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, const char *path, DWORD access)
-{
-	struct libusb_context *ctx = HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle);
-	struct windows_context_priv *priv = usbi_get_context_priv(ctx);
-	HANDLE handle;
-
-	handle = CreateFileA(path, access, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, NULL);
-	if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-		return handle;
-
-	if (CreateIoCompletionPort(handle, priv->completion_port, (ULONG_PTR)dev_handle, 0) == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "failed to associate handle to I/O completion port: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-		CloseHandle(handle);
-		return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-	}
-
-	return handle;
-}
-
-/*
- * Populate the endpoints addresses of the device_priv interface helper structs
- */
-static int windows_assign_endpoints(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface, uint8_t altsetting)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	struct libusb_config_descriptor *conf_desc;
-	const struct libusb_interface_descriptor *if_desc;
-	int i, r;
-
-	r = libusb_get_active_config_descriptor(dev_handle->dev, &conf_desc);
-	if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
-		usbi_warn(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "could not read config descriptor: error %d", r);
-		return r;
-	}
-
-	if_desc = &conf_desc->interface[iface].altsetting[altsetting];
-	safe_free(priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint);
-
-	if (if_desc->bNumEndpoints == 0) {
-		usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "no endpoints found for interface %u", iface);
-	} else {
-		priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint = malloc(if_desc->bNumEndpoints);
-		if (priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint == NULL) {
-			libusb_free_config_descriptor(conf_desc);
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-		}
-		priv->usb_interface[iface].nb_endpoints = if_desc->bNumEndpoints;
-		for (i = 0; i < if_desc->bNumEndpoints; i++) {
-			priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint[i] = if_desc->endpoint[i].bEndpointAddress;
-			usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "(re)assigned endpoint %02X to interface %u", priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint[i], iface);
-		}
-	}
-	libusb_free_config_descriptor(conf_desc);
-
-	// Extra init may be required to configure endpoints
-	if (priv->apib->configure_endpoints)
-		r = priv->apib->configure_endpoints(SUB_API_NOTSET, dev_handle, iface);
-
-	if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-		priv->usb_interface[iface].current_altsetting = altsetting;
-
-	return r;
-}
-
-// Lookup for a match in the list of API driver names
-// return -1 if not found, driver match number otherwise
-static int get_sub_api(char *driver, int api)
-{
-	const char sep_str[2] = {LIST_SEPARATOR, 0};
-	char *tok, *tmp_str;
-	size_t len = strlen(driver);
-	int i;
-
-	if (len == 0)
-		return SUB_API_NOTSET;
-
-	tmp_str = _strdup(driver);
-	if (tmp_str == NULL)
-		return SUB_API_NOTSET;
-
-	tok = strtok(tmp_str, sep_str);
-	while (tok != NULL) {
-		for (i = 0; i < usb_api_backend[api].nb_driver_names; i++) {
-			if (_stricmp(tok, usb_api_backend[api].driver_name_list[i]) == 0) {
-				free(tmp_str);
-				return i;
-			}
-		}
-		tok = strtok(NULL, sep_str);
-	}
-
-	free(tmp_str);
-	return SUB_API_NOTSET;
-}
-
-/*
- * auto-claiming and auto-release helper functions
- */
-static int auto_claim(struct libusb_transfer *transfer, int *interface_number, int api_type)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv =
-		get_winusb_device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	int current_interface = *interface_number;
-	int r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-
-	switch (api_type) {
-	case USB_API_WINUSBX:
-	case USB_API_HID:
-		break;
-	default:
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-	}
-
-	usbi_mutex_lock(&autoclaim_lock);
-	if (current_interface < 0) { // No serviceable interface was found
-		for (current_interface = 0; current_interface < USB_MAXINTERFACES; current_interface++) {
-			// Must claim an interface of the same API type
-			if ((priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib->id == api_type)
-					&& (libusb_claim_interface(transfer->dev_handle, current_interface) == LIBUSB_SUCCESS)) {
-				usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "auto-claimed interface %d for control request", current_interface);
-				if (handle_priv->autoclaim_count[current_interface] != 0)
-					usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "program assertion failed - autoclaim_count was nonzero");
-				handle_priv->autoclaim_count[current_interface]++;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-		if (current_interface == USB_MAXINTERFACES) {
-			usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "could not auto-claim any interface");
-			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-		}
-	} else {
-		// If we have a valid interface that was autoclaimed, we must increment
-		// its autoclaim count so that we can prevent an early release.
-		if (handle_priv->autoclaim_count[current_interface] != 0)
-			handle_priv->autoclaim_count[current_interface]++;
-	}
-	usbi_mutex_unlock(&autoclaim_lock);
-
-	*interface_number = current_interface;
-	return r;
-}
-
-static void auto_release(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	libusb_device_handle *dev_handle = transfer->dev_handle;
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	int r;
-
-	usbi_mutex_lock(&autoclaim_lock);
-	if (handle_priv->autoclaim_count[transfer_priv->interface_number] > 0) {
-		handle_priv->autoclaim_count[transfer_priv->interface_number]--;
-		if (handle_priv->autoclaim_count[transfer_priv->interface_number] == 0) {
-			r = libusb_release_interface(dev_handle, transfer_priv->interface_number);
-			if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-				usbi_dbg(ITRANSFER_CTX(itransfer), "auto-released interface %d", transfer_priv->interface_number);
-			else
-				usbi_dbg(ITRANSFER_CTX(itransfer), "failed to auto-release interface %d (%s)",
-					transfer_priv->interface_number, libusb_error_name((enum libusb_error)r));
-		}
-	}
-	usbi_mutex_unlock(&autoclaim_lock);
-}
-
-/*
- * init: libusb backend init function
- */
-static int winusb_init(struct libusb_context *ctx)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	// Load DLL imports
-	if (!init_dlls(ctx)) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "could not resolve DLL functions");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-	}
-
-	// Initialize the low level APIs (we don't care about errors at this stage)
-	for (i = 0; i < USB_API_MAX; i++) {
-		if (usb_api_backend[i].init && !usb_api_backend[i].init(ctx))
-			usbi_warn(ctx, "error initializing %s backend",
-				usb_api_backend[i].designation);
-	}
-
-	// We need a lock for proper auto-release
-	usbi_mutex_init(&autoclaim_lock);
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/*
-* exit: libusb backend deinitialization function
-*/
-static void winusb_exit(struct libusb_context *ctx)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	UNUSED(ctx);
-
-	usbi_mutex_destroy(&autoclaim_lock);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < USB_API_MAX; i++) {
-		if (usb_api_backend[i].exit)
-			usb_api_backend[i].exit();
-	}
-
-	exit_dlls();
-}
-
-/*
- * fetch and cache all the config descriptors through I/O
- */
-static void cache_config_descriptors(struct libusb_device *dev, HANDLE hub_handle)
-{
-	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-	DWORD size, ret_size;
-	uint8_t i, num_configurations;
-
-	USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR_SHORT cd_buf_short; // dummy request
-	PUSB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST cd_buf_actual = NULL;    // actual request
-	PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR cd_data;
-
-	num_configurations = dev->device_descriptor.bNumConfigurations;
-	if (num_configurations == 0)
-		return;
-
-	assert(sizeof(USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST) == USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST_SIZE);
-
-	priv->config_descriptor = calloc(num_configurations, sizeof(PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR));
-	if (priv->config_descriptor == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate configuration descriptor array for '%s'", priv->dev_id);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i <= num_configurations; i++) {
-		safe_free(cd_buf_actual);
-
-		if (i == num_configurations)
-			break;
-
-		size = sizeof(cd_buf_short);
-		memset(&cd_buf_short.desc, 0, sizeof(cd_buf_short.desc));
-
-		cd_buf_short.req.ConnectionIndex = (ULONG)dev->port_number;
-		cd_buf_short.req.SetupPacket.bmRequest = LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN;
-		cd_buf_short.req.SetupPacket.bRequest = LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR;
-		cd_buf_short.req.SetupPacket.wValue = (LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG << 8) | i;
-		cd_buf_short.req.SetupPacket.wIndex = 0;
-		cd_buf_short.req.SetupPacket.wLength = (USHORT)sizeof(USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR);
-
-		// Dummy call to get the required data size. Initial failures are reported as info rather
-		// than error as they can occur for non-penalizing situations, such as with some hubs.
-		// coverity[tainted_data_argument]
-		if (!DeviceIoControl(hub_handle, IOCTL_USB_GET_DESCRIPTOR_FROM_NODE_CONNECTION, &cd_buf_short, size,
-			&cd_buf_short, size, &ret_size, NULL)) {
-			usbi_info(ctx, "could not access configuration descriptor %u (dummy) for '%s': %s", i, priv->dev_id, windows_error_str(0));
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if ((ret_size != size) || (cd_buf_short.desc.wTotalLength < sizeof(USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR))) {
-			usbi_info(ctx, "unexpected configuration descriptor %u size (dummy) for '%s'", i, priv->dev_id);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		size = sizeof(USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST) + cd_buf_short.desc.wTotalLength;
-		cd_buf_actual = malloc(size);
-		if (cd_buf_actual == NULL) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate configuration descriptor %u buffer for '%s'", i, priv->dev_id);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		// Actual call
-		cd_buf_actual->ConnectionIndex = (ULONG)dev->port_number;
-		cd_buf_actual->SetupPacket.bmRequest = LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN;
-		cd_buf_actual->SetupPacket.bRequest = LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR;
-		cd_buf_actual->SetupPacket.wValue = (LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG << 8) | i;
-		cd_buf_actual->SetupPacket.wIndex = 0;
-		cd_buf_actual->SetupPacket.wLength = cd_buf_short.desc.wTotalLength;
-
-		if (!DeviceIoControl(hub_handle, IOCTL_USB_GET_DESCRIPTOR_FROM_NODE_CONNECTION, cd_buf_actual, size,
-			cd_buf_actual, size, &ret_size, NULL)) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "could not access configuration descriptor %u (actual) for '%s': %s", i, priv->dev_id, windows_error_str(0));
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		cd_data = (PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR)((UCHAR *)cd_buf_actual + USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST_SIZE);
-
-		if ((size != ret_size) || (cd_data->wTotalLength != cd_buf_short.desc.wTotalLength)) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "unexpected configuration descriptor %u size (actual) for '%s'", i, priv->dev_id);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (cd_data->bDescriptorType != LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "descriptor %u not a configuration descriptor for '%s'", i, priv->dev_id);
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		usbi_dbg(ctx, "cached config descriptor %u (bConfigurationValue=%u, %u bytes)",
-			i, cd_data->bConfigurationValue, cd_data->wTotalLength);
-
-		// Cache the descriptor
-		priv->config_descriptor[i] = cd_data;
-		cd_buf_actual = NULL;
-	}
-}
-
-#define ROOT_HUB_FS_CONFIG_DESC_LENGTH		0x19
-#define ROOT_HUB_HS_CONFIG_DESC_LENGTH		0x19
-#define ROOT_HUB_SS_CONFIG_DESC_LENGTH		0x1f
-#define CONFIG_DESC_WTOTAL_LENGTH_OFFSET	0x02
-#define CONFIG_DESC_EP_MAX_PACKET_OFFSET	0x16
-#define CONFIG_DESC_EP_BINTERVAL_OFFSET		0x18
-
-static const uint8_t root_hub_config_descriptor_template[] = {
-	// Configuration Descriptor
-	LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE,		// bLength
-	LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG,		// bDescriptorType
-	0x00, 0x00,			// wTotalLength (filled in)
-	0x01,				// bNumInterfaces
-	0x01,				// bConfigurationValue
-	0x00,				// iConfiguration
-	0xc0,				// bmAttributes (reserved + self-powered)
-	0x00,				// bMaxPower
-	// Interface Descriptor
-	LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE,	// bLength
-	LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE,		// bDescriptorType
-	0x00,				// bInterfaceNumber
-	0x00,				// bAlternateSetting
-	0x01,				// bNumEndpoints
-	LIBUSB_CLASS_HUB,		// bInterfaceClass
-	0x00,				// bInterfaceSubClass
-	0x00,				// bInterfaceProtocol
-	0x00,				// iInterface
-	// Endpoint Descriptor
-	LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE,	// bLength
-	LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT,		// bDescriptorType
-	0x81,				// bEndpointAddress
-	0x03,				// bmAttributes (Interrupt)
-	0x00, 0x00,			// wMaxPacketSize (filled in)
-	0x00,				// bInterval (filled in)
-	// SuperSpeed Endpoint Companion Descriptor
-	LIBUSB_DT_SS_ENDPOINT_COMPANION_SIZE,	// bLength
-	LIBUSB_DT_SS_ENDPOINT_COMPANION,	// bDescriptorType
-	0x00,					// bMaxBurst
-	0x00,					// bmAttributes
-	0x02, 0x00				// wBytesPerInterval
-};
-
-static int alloc_root_hub_config_desc(struct libusb_device *dev, ULONG num_ports,
-	uint8_t config_desc_length, uint8_t ep_interval)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-	uint8_t *ptr;
-
-	priv->config_descriptor = malloc(sizeof(*priv->config_descriptor));
-	if (priv->config_descriptor == NULL)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-
-	// Most config descriptors come from cache_config_descriptors() which obtains the
-	// descriptors from the hub using an allocated USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST structure.
-	// To avoid an extra malloc + memcpy we just hold on to the USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST
-	// structure we already have and back up the pointer in windows_device_priv_release()
-	// when freeing the descriptors. To keep a single execution path, we need to offset
-	// the pointer here by the same amount.
-	ptr = malloc(USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST_SIZE + config_desc_length);
-	if (ptr == NULL)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-
-	ptr += USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST_SIZE;
-
-	memcpy(ptr, root_hub_config_descriptor_template, config_desc_length);
-	ptr[CONFIG_DESC_WTOTAL_LENGTH_OFFSET] = config_desc_length;
-	ptr[CONFIG_DESC_EP_MAX_PACKET_OFFSET] = (uint8_t)((num_ports + 7) / 8);
-	ptr[CONFIG_DESC_EP_BINTERVAL_OFFSET] = ep_interval;
-
-	priv->config_descriptor[0] = (PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR)ptr;
-	priv->active_config = 1;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int init_root_hub(struct libusb_device *dev)
-{
-	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-	USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION_EX conn_info;
-	USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION_EX_V2 conn_info_v2;
-	USB_NODE_INFORMATION hub_info;
-	enum libusb_speed speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_UNKNOWN;
-	uint8_t config_desc_length;
-	uint8_t ep_interval;
-	HANDLE handle;
-	ULONG port_number, num_ports;
-	DWORD size;
-	int r;
-
-	// Determining the speed of a root hub is painful. Microsoft does not directly report the speed
-	// capabilities of the root hub itself, only its ports and/or connected devices. Therefore we
-	// are forced to query each individual port of the root hub to try and infer the root hub's
-	// speed. Note that we have to query all ports because the presence of a device on that port
-	// changes if/how Windows returns any useful speed information.
-	handle = CreateFileA(priv->path, GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
-	if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "could not open root hub %s: %s", priv->path, windows_error_str(0));
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
-	}
-
-	if (!DeviceIoControl(handle, IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_INFORMATION, NULL, 0, &hub_info, sizeof(hub_info), &size, NULL)) {
-		usbi_warn(ctx, "could not get root hub info for '%s': %s", priv->dev_id, windows_error_str(0));
-		CloseHandle(handle);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
-	}
-
-	num_ports = hub_info.u.HubInformation.HubDescriptor.bNumberOfPorts;
-	usbi_dbg(ctx, "root hub '%s' reports %lu ports", priv->dev_id, ULONG_CAST(num_ports));
-
-	if (windows_version >= WINDOWS_8) {
-		// Windows 8 and later is better at reporting the speed capabilities of the root hub,
-		// but it is not perfect. If no device is attached to the port being queried, the
-		// returned information will only indicate whether that port supports USB 3.0 signalling.
-		// That is not enough information to distinguish between SuperSpeed and SuperSpeed Plus.
-		for (port_number = 1; port_number <= num_ports; port_number++) {
-			conn_info_v2.ConnectionIndex = port_number;
-			conn_info_v2.Length = sizeof(conn_info_v2);
-			conn_info_v2.SupportedUsbProtocols.Usb300 = 1;
-			if (!DeviceIoControl(handle, IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION_EX_V2,
-				&conn_info_v2, sizeof(conn_info_v2), &conn_info_v2, sizeof(conn_info_v2), &size, NULL)) {
-				usbi_warn(ctx, "could not get node connection information (V2) for root hub '%s' port %lu: %s",
-					priv->dev_id, ULONG_CAST(port_number), windows_error_str(0));
-				break;
-			}
-
-			if (conn_info_v2.Flags.DeviceIsSuperSpeedPlusCapableOrHigher)
-				speed = MAX(speed, LIBUSB_SPEED_SUPER_PLUS);
-			else if (conn_info_v2.Flags.DeviceIsSuperSpeedCapableOrHigher || conn_info_v2.SupportedUsbProtocols.Usb300)
-				speed = MAX(speed, LIBUSB_SPEED_SUPER);
-			else if (conn_info_v2.SupportedUsbProtocols.Usb200)
-				speed = MAX(speed, LIBUSB_SPEED_HIGH);
-			else
-				speed = MAX(speed, LIBUSB_SPEED_FULL);
-		}
-
-		if (speed != LIBUSB_SPEED_UNKNOWN)
-			goto make_descriptors;
-	}
-
-	// At this point the speed is still not known, most likely because we are executing on
-	// Windows 7 or earlier. The following hackery peeks into the root hub's Device ID and
-	// tries to extract speed information from it, based on observed naming conventions.
-	// If this does not work, we will query individual ports of the root hub.
-	if (strstr(priv->dev_id, "ROOT_HUB31") != NULL)
-		speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_SUPER_PLUS;
-	else if (strstr(priv->dev_id, "ROOT_HUB30") != NULL)
-		speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_SUPER;
-	else if (strstr(priv->dev_id, "ROOT_HUB20") != NULL)
-		speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_HIGH;
-
-	if (speed != LIBUSB_SPEED_UNKNOWN)
-		goto make_descriptors;
-
-	// Windows only reports speed information about a connected device. This means that a root
-	// hub with no connected devices or devices that are all operating at a speed less than the
-	// highest speed that the root hub supports will not give us the correct speed.
-	for (port_number = 1; port_number <= num_ports; port_number++) {
-		conn_info.ConnectionIndex = port_number;
-		if (!DeviceIoControl(handle, IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION_EX, &conn_info, sizeof(conn_info),
-			&conn_info, sizeof(conn_info), &size, NULL)) {
-			usbi_warn(ctx, "could not get node connection information for root hub '%s' port %lu: %s",
-				priv->dev_id, ULONG_CAST(port_number), windows_error_str(0));
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		if (conn_info.ConnectionStatus != DeviceConnected)
-			continue;
-
-		if (conn_info.Speed == UsbHighSpeed) {
-			speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_HIGH;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
-make_descriptors:
-	CloseHandle(handle);
-
-	dev->device_descriptor.bLength = LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE;
-	dev->device_descriptor.bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE;
-	dev->device_descriptor.bDeviceClass = LIBUSB_CLASS_HUB;
-	if ((dev->device_descriptor.idVendor == 0) && (dev->device_descriptor.idProduct == 0)) {
-		dev->device_descriptor.idVendor = 0x1d6b;	// Linux Foundation
-		dev->device_descriptor.idProduct = (uint16_t)speed;
-	}
-	dev->device_descriptor.bcdDevice = 0x0100;
-	dev->device_descriptor.bNumConfigurations = 1;
-
-	switch (speed) {
-	case LIBUSB_SPEED_SUPER_PLUS:
-		dev->device_descriptor.bcdUSB = 0x0310;
-		config_desc_length = ROOT_HUB_SS_CONFIG_DESC_LENGTH;
-		ep_interval = 0x0c;	// 256ms
-		break;
-	case LIBUSB_SPEED_SUPER:
-		dev->device_descriptor.bcdUSB = 0x0300;
-		config_desc_length = ROOT_HUB_SS_CONFIG_DESC_LENGTH;
-		ep_interval = 0x0c;	// 256ms
-		break;
-	case LIBUSB_SPEED_HIGH:
-		dev->device_descriptor.bcdUSB = 0x0200;
-		config_desc_length = ROOT_HUB_HS_CONFIG_DESC_LENGTH;
-		ep_interval = 0x0c;	// 256ms
-		break;
-	case LIBUSB_SPEED_LOW:		// Not used, but keeps compiler happy
-	case LIBUSB_SPEED_UNKNOWN:
-		// This case means absolutely no information about this root hub was determined.
-		// There is not much choice than to be pessimistic and label this as a
-		// full-speed device.
-		speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_FULL;
-		// fallthrough
-	case LIBUSB_SPEED_FULL:
-		dev->device_descriptor.bcdUSB = 0x0110;
-		config_desc_length = ROOT_HUB_FS_CONFIG_DESC_LENGTH;
-		ep_interval = 0xff;	// 255ms
-		break;
-	default:			// Impossible, buts keeps compiler happy
-		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - unknown root hub speed");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-	}
-
-	if (speed >= LIBUSB_SPEED_SUPER) {
-		dev->device_descriptor.bDeviceProtocol = 0x03;	// USB 3.0 Hub
-		dev->device_descriptor.bMaxPacketSize0 = 0x09;	// 2^9 bytes
-	} else {
-		dev->device_descriptor.bMaxPacketSize0 = 0x40;	// 64 bytes
-	}
-
-	dev->speed = speed;
-
-	r = alloc_root_hub_config_desc(dev, num_ports, config_desc_length, ep_interval);
-	if (r)
-		usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate config descriptor for root hub '%s'", priv->dev_id);
-
-	return r;
-}
-
-/*
- * Populate a libusb device structure
- */
-static int init_device(struct libusb_device *dev, struct libusb_device *parent_dev,
-	uint8_t port_number, DEVINST devinst)
-{
-	struct libusb_context *ctx = NULL;
-	struct libusb_device *tmp_dev;
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv, *parent_priv, *tmp_priv;
-	USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION_EX conn_info;
-	USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION_EX_V2 conn_info_v2;
-	HANDLE hub_handle;
-	DWORD size;
-	uint8_t bus_number, depth;
-	int r;
-	int ginfotimeout;
-
-	priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-
-	// If the device is already initialized, we can stop here
-	if (priv->initialized)
-		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-
-	if (parent_dev != NULL) { // Not a HCD root hub
-		ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev);
-		parent_priv = usbi_get_device_priv(parent_dev);
-		if (parent_priv->apib->id != USB_API_HUB) {
-			usbi_warn(ctx, "parent for device '%s' is not a hub", priv->dev_id);
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-		}
-
-		// Calculate depth and fetch bus number
-		bus_number = parent_dev->bus_number;
-		if (bus_number == 0) {
-			tmp_dev = get_ancestor(ctx, devinst, &devinst);
-			if (tmp_dev != parent_dev) {
-				usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - first ancestor is not parent");
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-			}
-			libusb_unref_device(tmp_dev);
-
-			for (depth = 1; bus_number == 0; depth++) {
-				tmp_dev = get_ancestor(ctx, devinst, &devinst);
-				if (tmp_dev == NULL) {
-					usbi_warn(ctx, "ancestor for device '%s' not found at depth %u", priv->dev_id, depth);
-					return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-				}
-				if (tmp_dev->bus_number != 0) {
-					bus_number = tmp_dev->bus_number;
-					tmp_priv = usbi_get_device_priv(tmp_dev);
-					depth += tmp_priv->depth;
-				}
-				libusb_unref_device(tmp_dev);
-			}
-		} else {
-			depth = parent_priv->depth + 1;
-		}
-
-		if (bus_number == 0) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - bus number not found for '%s'", priv->dev_id);
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-		}
-
-		dev->bus_number = bus_number;
-		dev->port_number = port_number;
-		dev->parent_dev = parent_dev;
-		priv->depth = depth;
-
-		hub_handle = CreateFileA(parent_priv->path, GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
-		if (hub_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-			usbi_warn(ctx, "could not open hub %s: %s", parent_priv->path, windows_error_str(0));
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
-		}
-
-		conn_info.ConnectionIndex = (ULONG)port_number;
-		// coverity[tainted_data_argument]
-		ginfotimeout = 20;
-		do {
-			if (!DeviceIoControl(hub_handle, IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION_EX, &conn_info, sizeof(conn_info),
-				&conn_info, sizeof(conn_info), &size, NULL)) {
-				usbi_warn(ctx, "could not get node connection information for device '%s': %s",
-					priv->dev_id, windows_error_str(0));
-				CloseHandle(hub_handle);
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-			}
-
-			if (conn_info.ConnectionStatus == NoDeviceConnected) {
-				usbi_err(ctx, "device '%s' is no longer connected!", priv->dev_id);
-				CloseHandle(hub_handle);
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-			}
-
-			if ((conn_info.DeviceDescriptor.bLength != LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE)
-				 || (conn_info.DeviceDescriptor.bDescriptorType != LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE)) {
-				SleepEx(50, TRUE);
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			static_assert(sizeof(dev->device_descriptor) == sizeof(conn_info.DeviceDescriptor),
-				      "mismatch between libusb and OS device descriptor sizes");
-			memcpy(&dev->device_descriptor, &conn_info.DeviceDescriptor, LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE);
-			usbi_localize_device_descriptor(&dev->device_descriptor);
-
-			priv->active_config = conn_info.CurrentConfigurationValue;
-			if (priv->active_config == 0) {
-				usbi_dbg(ctx, "0x%x:0x%x found %u configurations (not configured)",
-					dev->device_descriptor.idVendor,
-					dev->device_descriptor.idProduct,
-					dev->device_descriptor.bNumConfigurations);
-				SleepEx(50, TRUE);
-			}
-		} while (priv->active_config == 0 && --ginfotimeout >= 0);
-
-		if ((conn_info.DeviceDescriptor.bLength != LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE)
-			 || (conn_info.DeviceDescriptor.bDescriptorType != LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE)) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "device '%s' has invalid descriptor!", priv->dev_id);
-			CloseHandle(hub_handle);
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-		}
-
-		if (priv->active_config == 0) {
-			usbi_info(ctx, "0x%x:0x%x found %u configurations but device isn't configured, "
-				"forcing current configuration to 1",
-				dev->device_descriptor.idVendor,
-				dev->device_descriptor.idProduct,
-				dev->device_descriptor.bNumConfigurations);
-			priv->active_config = 1;
-		} else {
-			usbi_dbg(ctx, "found %u configurations (current config: %u)", dev->device_descriptor.bNumConfigurations, priv->active_config);
-		}
-
-		// Cache as many config descriptors as we can
-		cache_config_descriptors(dev, hub_handle);
-
-		// In their great wisdom, Microsoft decided to BREAK the USB speed report between Windows 7 and Windows 8
-		if (windows_version >= WINDOWS_8) {
-			conn_info_v2.ConnectionIndex = (ULONG)port_number;
-			conn_info_v2.Length = sizeof(USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION_EX_V2);
-			conn_info_v2.SupportedUsbProtocols.Usb300 = 1;
-			if (!DeviceIoControl(hub_handle, IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION_EX_V2,
-				&conn_info_v2, sizeof(conn_info_v2), &conn_info_v2, sizeof(conn_info_v2), &size, NULL)) {
-				usbi_warn(ctx, "could not get node connection information (V2) for device '%s': %s",
-					priv->dev_id,  windows_error_str(0));
-			} else if (conn_info_v2.Flags.DeviceIsOperatingAtSuperSpeedPlusOrHigher) {
-				conn_info.Speed = UsbSuperSpeedPlus;
-			} else if (conn_info_v2.Flags.DeviceIsOperatingAtSuperSpeedOrHigher) {
-				conn_info.Speed = UsbSuperSpeed;
-			}
-		}
-
-		CloseHandle(hub_handle);
-
-		if (conn_info.DeviceAddress > UINT8_MAX)
-			usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - device address overflow");
-
-		dev->device_address = (uint8_t)conn_info.DeviceAddress;
-
-		switch (conn_info.Speed) {
-		case UsbLowSpeed: dev->speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_LOW; break;
-		case UsbFullSpeed: dev->speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_FULL; break;
-		case UsbHighSpeed: dev->speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_HIGH; break;
-		case UsbSuperSpeed: dev->speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_SUPER; break;
-		case UsbSuperSpeedPlus: dev->speed = LIBUSB_SPEED_SUPER_PLUS; break;
-		default:
-			usbi_warn(ctx, "unknown device speed %u", conn_info.Speed);
-			break;
-		}
-	} else {
-		r = init_root_hub(dev);
-		if (r)
-			return r;
-	}
-
-	r = usbi_sanitize_device(dev);
-	if (r)
-		return r;
-
-	priv->initialized = true;
-
-	usbi_dbg(ctx, "(bus: %u, addr: %u, depth: %u, port: %u): '%s'",
-		dev->bus_number, dev->device_address, priv->depth, dev->port_number, priv->dev_id);
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static bool get_dev_port_number(HDEVINFO dev_info, SP_DEVINFO_DATA *dev_info_data, DWORD *port_nr)
-{
-	char buffer[MAX_KEY_LENGTH];
-	DWORD size;
-
-	// First try SPDRP_LOCATION_INFORMATION, which returns a REG_SZ. The string *may* have a format
-	// similar to "Port_#0002.Hub_#000D", in which case we can extract the port number. However, we
-	// cannot extract the port if the returned string does not follow this format.
-	if (pSetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA(dev_info, dev_info_data, SPDRP_LOCATION_INFORMATION,
-			NULL, (PBYTE)buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL)) {
-		// Check for the required format.
-		if (strncmp(buffer, "Port_#", 6) == 0) {
-			*port_nr = atoi(buffer + 6);
-			return true;
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Next try SPDRP_LOCATION_PATHS, which returns a REG_MULTI_SZ (but we only examine the first
-	// string in it). Each path has a format similar to,
-	// "PCIROOT(B2)#PCI(0300)#PCI(0000)#USBROOT(0)#USB(1)#USB(2)#USBMI(3)", and the port number is
-	// the number within the last "USB(x)" token.
-	if (pSetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA(dev_info, dev_info_data, SPDRP_LOCATION_PATHS,
-			NULL, (PBYTE)buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL)) {
-		// Find the last "#USB(x)" substring
-		for (char *token = strrchr(buffer, '#'); token != NULL; token = strrchr(buffer, '#')) {
-			if (strncmp(token, "#USB(", 5) == 0) {
-				*port_nr = atoi(token + 5);
-				return true;
-			}
-			// Shorten the string and try again.
-			*token = '\0';
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Lastly, try SPDRP_ADDRESS, which returns a REG_DWORD. The address *may* be the port number,
-	// which is true for the Microsoft driver but may not be true for other drivers. However, we
-	// have no other options here but to accept what it returns.
-	return pSetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA(dev_info, dev_info_data, SPDRP_ADDRESS,
-			NULL, (PBYTE)port_nr, sizeof(*port_nr), &size) && (size == sizeof(*port_nr));
-}
-
-static int enumerate_hcd_root_hub(struct libusb_context *ctx, const char *dev_id,
-	uint8_t bus_number, DEVINST devinst)
-{
-	struct libusb_device *dev;
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv;
-	unsigned long session_id;
-	DEVINST child_devinst;
-
-	if (CM_Get_Child(&child_devinst, devinst, 0) != CR_SUCCESS) {
-		usbi_warn(ctx, "could not get child devinst for '%s'", dev_id);
-		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	session_id = (unsigned long)child_devinst;
-	dev = usbi_get_device_by_session_id(ctx, session_id);
-	if (dev == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - HCD '%s' child not found", dev_id);
-		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	if (dev->bus_number == 0) {
-		// Only do this once
-		usbi_dbg(ctx, "assigning HCD '%s' bus number %u", dev_id, bus_number);
-		dev->bus_number = bus_number;
-
-		if (sscanf(dev_id, "PCI\\VEN_%04hx&DEV_%04hx%*s", &dev->device_descriptor.idVendor, &dev->device_descriptor.idProduct) != 2)
-			usbi_warn(ctx, "could not infer VID/PID of HCD root hub from '%s'", dev_id);
-
-		priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-		priv->root_hub = true;
-	}
-
-	libusb_unref_device(dev);
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-// Returns the api type, or 0 if not found/unsupported
-static void get_api_type(HDEVINFO *dev_info, SP_DEVINFO_DATA *dev_info_data,
-	int *api, int *sub_api)
-{
-	// Precedence for filter drivers vs driver is in the order of this array
-	struct driver_lookup lookup[3] = {
-		{"\0\0", SPDRP_SERVICE, "driver"},
-		{"\0\0", SPDRP_UPPERFILTERS, "upper filter driver"},
-		{"\0\0", SPDRP_LOWERFILTERS, "lower filter driver"}
-	};
-	DWORD size, reg_type;
-	unsigned k, l;
-	int i, j;
-
-	// Check the service & filter names to know the API we should use
-	for (k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
-		if (pSetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA(*dev_info, dev_info_data, lookup[k].reg_prop,
-			&reg_type, (PBYTE)lookup[k].list, MAX_KEY_LENGTH, &size)) {
-			// Turn the REG_SZ SPDRP_SERVICE into REG_MULTI_SZ
-			if (lookup[k].reg_prop == SPDRP_SERVICE)
-				// our buffers are MAX_KEY_LENGTH + 1 so we can overflow if needed
-				lookup[k].list[strlen(lookup[k].list) + 1] = 0;
-
-			// MULTI_SZ is a pain to work with. Turn it into something much more manageable
-			// NB: none of the driver names we check against contain LIST_SEPARATOR,
-			// (currently ';'), so even if an unsupported one does, it's not an issue
-			for (l = 0; (lookup[k].list[l] != 0) || (lookup[k].list[l + 1] != 0); l++) {
-				if (lookup[k].list[l] == 0)
-					lookup[k].list[l] = LIST_SEPARATOR;
-			}
-			usbi_dbg(NULL, "%s(s): %s", lookup[k].designation, lookup[k].list);
-		} else {
-			if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INVALID_DATA)
-				usbi_dbg(NULL, "could not access %s: %s", lookup[k].designation, windows_error_str(0));
-			lookup[k].list[0] = 0;
-		}
-	}
-
-	for (i = 2; i < USB_API_MAX; i++) {
-		for (k = 0; k < 3; k++) {
-			j = get_sub_api(lookup[k].list, i);
-			if (j >= 0) {
-				usbi_dbg(NULL, "matched %s name against %s", lookup[k].designation,
-					(i != USB_API_WINUSBX) ? usb_api_backend[i].designation : usb_api_backend[i].driver_name_list[j]);
-				*api = i;
-				*sub_api = j;
-				return;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-static int set_composite_interface(struct libusb_context *ctx, struct libusb_device *dev,
-	char *dev_interface_path, char *device_id, int api, int sub_api)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-	int interface_number;
-	const char *mi_str;
-
-	// Because MI_## are not necessarily in sequential order (some composite
-	// devices will have only MI_00 & MI_03 for instance), we retrieve the actual
-	// interface number from the path's MI value
-	mi_str = strstr(device_id, "MI_");
-	if ((mi_str != NULL) && isdigit((unsigned char)mi_str[3]) && isdigit((unsigned char)mi_str[4])) {
-		interface_number = ((mi_str[3] - '0') * 10) + (mi_str[4] - '0');
-	} else {
-		usbi_warn(ctx, "failure to read interface number for %s, using default value", device_id);
-		interface_number = 0;
-	}
-
-	if (interface_number >= USB_MAXINTERFACES) {
-		usbi_warn(ctx, "interface %d too large - ignoring interface path %s", interface_number, dev_interface_path);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
-	}
-
-	if (priv->usb_interface[interface_number].path != NULL) {
-		if (api == USB_API_HID) {
-			// HID devices can have multiple collections (COL##) for each MI_## interface
-			usbi_dbg(ctx, "interface[%d] already set - ignoring HID collection: %s",
-				interface_number, device_id);
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
-		}
-		// In other cases, just use the latest data
-		safe_free(priv->usb_interface[interface_number].path);
-	}
-
-	usbi_dbg(ctx, "interface[%d] = %s", interface_number, dev_interface_path);
-	priv->usb_interface[interface_number].path = dev_interface_path;
-	priv->usb_interface[interface_number].apib = &usb_api_backend[api];
-	priv->usb_interface[interface_number].sub_api = sub_api;
-	if ((api == USB_API_HID) && (priv->hid == NULL)) {
-		priv->hid = calloc(1, sizeof(struct hid_device_priv));
-		if (priv->hid == NULL)
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int set_hid_interface(struct libusb_context *ctx, struct libusb_device *dev,
-	char *dev_interface_path)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-	uint8_t i;
-
-	if (priv->hid == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - parent is not HID");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-	} else if (priv->hid->nb_interfaces == USB_MAXINTERFACES) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - max USB interfaces reached for HID device");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < priv->hid->nb_interfaces; i++) {
-		if ((priv->usb_interface[i].path != NULL) && strcmp(priv->usb_interface[i].path, dev_interface_path) == 0) {
-			usbi_dbg(ctx, "interface[%u] already set to %s", i, dev_interface_path);
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
-		}
-	}
-
-	priv->usb_interface[priv->hid->nb_interfaces].path = dev_interface_path;
-	priv->usb_interface[priv->hid->nb_interfaces].apib = &usb_api_backend[USB_API_HID];
-	usbi_dbg(ctx, "interface[%u] = %s", priv->hid->nb_interfaces, dev_interface_path);
-	priv->hid->nb_interfaces++;
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/*
- * get_device_list: libusb backend device enumeration function
- */
-static int winusb_get_device_list(struct libusb_context *ctx, struct discovered_devs **_discdevs)
-{
-	struct discovered_devs *discdevs;
-	HDEVINFO *dev_info, dev_info_intf, dev_info_enum;
-	SP_DEVINFO_DATA dev_info_data;
-	DWORD _index = 0;
-	GUID hid_guid;
-	int r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-	int api, sub_api;
-	unsigned int pass, i, j;
-	char enumerator[16];
-	char dev_id[MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
-	struct libusb_device *dev, *parent_dev;
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv, *parent_priv;
-	char *dev_interface_path = NULL;
-	unsigned long session_id;
-	DWORD size, port_nr, reg_type, install_state;
-	HKEY key;
-	char guid_string[MAX_GUID_STRING_LENGTH];
-	GUID *if_guid;
-	LONG s;
-#define HUB_PASS 0
-#define DEV_PASS 1
-#define HCD_PASS 2
-#define GEN_PASS 3
-#define HID_PASS 4
-#define EXT_PASS 5
-	// Keep a list of guids that will be enumerated
-#define GUID_SIZE_STEP 8
-	const GUID **guid_list, **new_guid_list;
-	unsigned int guid_size = GUID_SIZE_STEP;
-	unsigned int nb_guids;
-	// Keep a list of PnP enumerator strings that are found
-	const char *usb_enumerator[8] = { "USB" };
-	unsigned int nb_usb_enumerators = 1;
-	unsigned int usb_enum_index = 0;
-	// Keep a list of newly allocated devs to unref
-#define UNREF_SIZE_STEP 16
-	libusb_device **unref_list, **new_unref_list;
-	unsigned int unref_size = UNREF_SIZE_STEP;
-	unsigned int unref_cur = 0;
-
-	// PASS 1 : (re)enumerate HCDs (allows for HCD hotplug)
-	// PASS 2 : (re)enumerate HUBS
-	// PASS 3 : (re)enumerate generic USB devices (including driverless)
-	//           and list additional USB device interface GUIDs to explore
-	// PASS 4 : (re)enumerate master USB devices that have a device interface
-	// PASS 5+: (re)enumerate device interfaced GUIDs (including HID) and
-	//           set the device interfaces.
-
-	// Init the GUID table
-	guid_list = malloc(guid_size * sizeof(void *));
-	if (guid_list == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "failed to alloc guid list");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-	}
-
-	guid_list[HUB_PASS] = &GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_HUB;
-	guid_list[DEV_PASS] = &GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE;
-	guid_list[HCD_PASS] = &GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_HOST_CONTROLLER;
-	guid_list[GEN_PASS] = NULL;
-	if (HidD_GetHidGuid != NULL) {
-		HidD_GetHidGuid(&hid_guid);
-		guid_list[HID_PASS] = &hid_guid;
-	} else {
-		guid_list[HID_PASS] = NULL;
-	}
-	nb_guids = EXT_PASS;
-
-	unref_list = malloc(unref_size * sizeof(void *));
-	if (unref_list == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "failed to alloc unref list");
-		free((void *)guid_list);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-	}
-
-	dev_info_intf = pSetupDiGetClassDevsA(NULL, NULL, NULL, DIGCF_ALLCLASSES | DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);
-	if (dev_info_intf == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-		usbi_err(ctx, "failed to obtain device info list: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-		free(unref_list);
-		free((void *)guid_list);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-	}
-
-	for (pass = 0; ((pass < nb_guids) && (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS)); pass++) {
-//#define ENUM_DEBUG
-#if defined(ENABLE_LOGGING) && defined(ENUM_DEBUG)
-		const char * const passname[] = {"HUB", "DEV", "HCD", "GEN", "HID", "EXT"};
-		usbi_dbg(ctx, "#### PROCESSING %ss %s", passname[MIN(pass, EXT_PASS)], guid_to_string(guid_list[pass], guid_string));
-#endif
-		if ((pass == HID_PASS) && (guid_list[HID_PASS] == NULL))
-			continue;
-
-		dev_info = (pass != GEN_PASS) ? &dev_info_intf : &dev_info_enum;
-
-		for (i = 0; ; i++) {
-			// safe loop: free up any (unprotected) dynamic resource
-			// NB: this is always executed before breaking the loop
-			safe_free(dev_interface_path);
-			priv = parent_priv = NULL;
-			dev = parent_dev = NULL;
-
-			// Safe loop: end of loop conditions
-			if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-				break;
-
-			if ((pass == HCD_PASS) && (i == UINT8_MAX)) {
-				usbi_warn(ctx, "program assertion failed - found more than %u buses, skipping the rest", UINT8_MAX);
-				break;
-			}
-
-			if (pass != GEN_PASS) {
-				// Except for GEN, all passes deal with device interfaces
-				r = get_interface_details(ctx, *dev_info, &dev_info_data, guid_list[pass], &_index, &dev_interface_path);
-				if ((r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) || (dev_interface_path == NULL)) {
-					_index = 0;
-					break;
-				}
-			} else {
-				// Workaround for a Nec/Renesas USB 3.0 driver bug where root hubs are
-				// being listed under the "NUSB3" PnP Symbolic Name rather than "USB".
-				// The Intel USB 3.0 driver behaves similar, but uses "IUSB3"
-				// The Intel Alpine Ridge USB 3.1 driver uses "IARUSB3"
-				for (; usb_enum_index < nb_usb_enumerators; usb_enum_index++) {
-					if (get_devinfo_data(ctx, dev_info, &dev_info_data, usb_enumerator[usb_enum_index], i))
-						break;
-					i = 0;
-				}
-				if (usb_enum_index == nb_usb_enumerators)
-					break;
-			}
-
-			// Read the Device ID path
-			if (!pSetupDiGetDeviceInstanceIdA(*dev_info, &dev_info_data, dev_id, sizeof(dev_id), NULL)) {
-				usbi_warn(ctx, "could not read the device instance ID for devInst %lX, skipping",
-					  ULONG_CAST(dev_info_data.DevInst));
-				continue;
-			}
-
-#ifdef ENUM_DEBUG
-			usbi_dbg(ctx, "PRO: %s", dev_id);
-#endif
-
-			// Set API to use or get additional data from generic pass
-			api = USB_API_UNSUPPORTED;
-			sub_api = SUB_API_NOTSET;
-			switch (pass) {
-			case HCD_PASS:
-				break;
-			case HUB_PASS:
-				api = USB_API_HUB;
-				// Fetch the PnP enumerator class for this hub
-				// This will allow us to enumerate all classes during the GEN pass
-				if (!pSetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA(*dev_info, &dev_info_data, SPDRP_ENUMERATOR_NAME,
-					NULL, (PBYTE)enumerator, sizeof(enumerator), NULL)) {
-					usbi_err(ctx, "could not read enumerator string for device '%s': %s", dev_id, windows_error_str(0));
-					LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER);
-				}
-				for (j = 0; j < nb_usb_enumerators; j++) {
-					if (strcmp(usb_enumerator[j], enumerator) == 0)
-						break;
-				}
-				if (j == nb_usb_enumerators) {
-					usbi_dbg(ctx, "found new PnP enumerator string '%s'", enumerator);
-					if (nb_usb_enumerators < ARRAYSIZE(usb_enumerator)) {
-						usb_enumerator[nb_usb_enumerators] = _strdup(enumerator);
-						if (usb_enumerator[nb_usb_enumerators] != NULL) {
-							nb_usb_enumerators++;
-						} else {
-							usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate enumerator string '%s'", enumerator);
-							LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
-						}
-					} else {
-						usbi_warn(ctx, "too many enumerator strings, some devices may not be accessible");
-					}
-				}
-				break;
-			case GEN_PASS:
-				// We use the GEN pass to detect driverless devices...
-				if (!pSetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA(*dev_info, &dev_info_data, SPDRP_DRIVER,
-					NULL, NULL, 0, NULL) && (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)) {
-					usbi_info(ctx, "The following device has no driver: '%s'", dev_id);
-					usbi_info(ctx, "libusb will not be able to access it");
-				}
-				// ...and to add the additional device interface GUIDs
-				key = pSetupDiOpenDevRegKey(*dev_info, &dev_info_data, DICS_FLAG_GLOBAL, 0, DIREG_DEV, KEY_READ);
-				if (key == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
-					break;
-				// Look for both DeviceInterfaceGUIDs *and* DeviceInterfaceGUID, in that order
-				// If multiple GUIDs just process the first and ignore the others
-				size = sizeof(guid_string);
-				s = pRegQueryValueExA(key, "DeviceInterfaceGUIDs", NULL, &reg_type,
-					(LPBYTE)guid_string, &size);
-				if (s == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)
-					s = pRegQueryValueExA(key, "DeviceInterfaceGUID", NULL, &reg_type,
-						(LPBYTE)guid_string, &size);
-				pRegCloseKey(key);
-				if (s == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) {
-					break; /* no DeviceInterfaceGUID registered */
-				} else if (s != ERROR_SUCCESS && s != ERROR_MORE_DATA) {
-					usbi_warn(ctx, "unexpected error from pRegQueryValueExA for '%s'", dev_id);
-					break;
-				}
-				// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winreg/nf-winreg-regqueryvalueexa#remarks
-				// - "string may not have been stored with the proper terminating null characters"
-				// - "Note that REG_MULTI_SZ strings could have two terminating null characters"
-			        if ((reg_type == REG_SZ && size >= sizeof(guid_string) - sizeof(char))
-				    || (reg_type == REG_MULTI_SZ && size >= sizeof(guid_string) - 2 * sizeof(char))) {
-					if (nb_guids == guid_size) {
-						new_guid_list = realloc((void *)guid_list, (guid_size + GUID_SIZE_STEP) * sizeof(void *));
-						if (new_guid_list == NULL) {
-							usbi_err(ctx, "failed to realloc guid list");
-							LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
-						}
-						guid_list = new_guid_list;
-						guid_size += GUID_SIZE_STEP;
-					}
-					if_guid = malloc(sizeof(*if_guid));
-					if (if_guid == NULL) {
-						usbi_err(ctx, "failed to alloc if_guid");
-						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
-					}
-					if (!string_to_guid(guid_string, if_guid)) {
-						usbi_warn(ctx, "device '%s' has malformed DeviceInterfaceGUID string '%s', skipping", dev_id, guid_string);
-						free(if_guid);
-					} else {
-						// Check if we've already seen this GUID
-						for (j = EXT_PASS; j < nb_guids; j++) {
-							if (memcmp(guid_list[j], if_guid, sizeof(*if_guid)) == 0)
-								break;
-						}
-						if (j == nb_guids) {
-							usbi_dbg(ctx, "extra GUID: %s", guid_string);
-							guid_list[nb_guids++] = if_guid;
-						} else {
-							// Duplicate, ignore
-							free(if_guid);
-						}
-					}
-				} else {
-					usbi_warn(ctx, "unexpected type/size of DeviceInterfaceGUID for '%s'", dev_id);
-				}
-				break;
-			case HID_PASS:
-				api = USB_API_HID;
-				break;
-			default:
-				// Get the API type (after checking that the driver installation is OK)
-				if ((!pSetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA(*dev_info, &dev_info_data, SPDRP_INSTALL_STATE,
-					NULL, (PBYTE)&install_state, sizeof(install_state), &size)) || (size != sizeof(install_state))) {
-					usbi_warn(ctx, "could not detect installation state of driver for '%s': %s",
-						dev_id, windows_error_str(0));
-				} else if (install_state != 0) {
-					usbi_warn(ctx, "driver for device '%s' is reporting an issue (code: %lu) - skipping",
-						dev_id, ULONG_CAST(install_state));
-					continue;
-				}
-				get_api_type(dev_info, &dev_info_data, &api, &sub_api);
-				break;
-			}
-
-			// Find parent device (for the passes that need it)
-			if (pass >= GEN_PASS) {
-				parent_dev = get_ancestor(ctx, dev_info_data.DevInst, NULL);
-				if (parent_dev == NULL) {
-					// Root hubs will not have a parent
-					dev = usbi_get_device_by_session_id(ctx, (unsigned long)dev_info_data.DevInst);
-					if (dev != NULL) {
-						priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-						if (priv->root_hub)
-							goto track_unref;
-						libusb_unref_device(dev);
-					}
-
-					usbi_dbg(ctx, "unlisted ancestor for '%s' (non USB HID, newly connected, etc.) - ignoring", dev_id);
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				parent_priv = usbi_get_device_priv(parent_dev);
-				// virtual USB devices are also listed during GEN - don't process these yet
-				if ((pass == GEN_PASS) && (parent_priv->apib->id != USB_API_HUB)) {
-					libusb_unref_device(parent_dev);
-					continue;
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Create new or match existing device, using the devInst as session id
-			if ((pass <= GEN_PASS) && (pass != HCD_PASS)) {	// For subsequent passes, we'll lookup the parent
-				// These are the passes that create "new" devices
-				session_id = (unsigned long)dev_info_data.DevInst;
-				dev = usbi_get_device_by_session_id(ctx, session_id);
-				if (dev == NULL) {
-				alloc_device:
-					usbi_dbg(ctx, "allocating new device for session [%lX]", session_id);
-					dev = usbi_alloc_device(ctx, session_id);
-					if (dev == NULL)
-						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
-
-					priv = winusb_device_priv_init(dev);
-					priv->dev_id = _strdup(dev_id);
-					priv->class_guid = dev_info_data.ClassGuid;
-					if (priv->dev_id == NULL) {
-						libusb_unref_device(dev);
-						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
-					}
-				} else {
-					usbi_dbg(ctx, "found existing device for session [%lX]", session_id);
-
-					priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-					if (strcmp(priv->dev_id, dev_id) != 0) {
-						usbi_dbg(ctx, "device instance ID for session [%lX] changed", session_id);
-						usbi_disconnect_device(dev);
-						libusb_unref_device(dev);
-						goto alloc_device;
-					}
-					if (!IsEqualGUID(&priv->class_guid, &dev_info_data.ClassGuid)) {
-						usbi_dbg(ctx, "device class GUID for session [%lX] changed", session_id);
-						usbi_disconnect_device(dev);
-						libusb_unref_device(dev);
-						goto alloc_device;
-					}
-				}
-
-			track_unref:
-				// Keep track of devices that need unref
-				if (unref_cur == unref_size) {
-					new_unref_list = realloc(unref_list, (unref_size + UNREF_SIZE_STEP) * sizeof(void *));
-					if (new_unref_list == NULL) {
-						usbi_err(ctx, "could not realloc list for unref - aborting");
-						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
-					}
-					unref_list = new_unref_list;
-					unref_size += UNREF_SIZE_STEP;
-				}
-				unref_list[unref_cur++] = dev;
-			}
-
-			// Setup device
-			switch (pass) {
-			case HUB_PASS:
-			case DEV_PASS:
-				// If the device has already been setup, don't do it again
-				if (priv->path != NULL)
-					break;
-				// Take care of API initialization
-				priv->path = dev_interface_path;
-				dev_interface_path = NULL;
-				priv->apib = &usb_api_backend[api];
-				priv->sub_api = sub_api;
-				switch (api) {
-				case USB_API_COMPOSITE:
-				case USB_API_HUB:
-					break;
-				case USB_API_HID:
-					priv->hid = calloc(1, sizeof(struct hid_device_priv));
-					if (priv->hid == NULL)
-						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
-					break;
-				default:
-					// For other devices, the first interface is the same as the device
-					priv->usb_interface[0].path = _strdup(priv->path);
-					if (priv->usb_interface[0].path == NULL)
-						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
-					// The following is needed if we want API calls to work for both simple
-					// and composite devices.
-					for (j = 0; j < USB_MAXINTERFACES; j++)
-						priv->usb_interface[j].apib = &usb_api_backend[api];
-					break;
-				}
-				break;
-			case HCD_PASS:
-				r = enumerate_hcd_root_hub(ctx, dev_id, (uint8_t)(i + 1), dev_info_data.DevInst);
-				break;
-			case GEN_PASS:
-				port_nr = 0;
-				if (!get_dev_port_number(*dev_info, &dev_info_data, &port_nr))
-					usbi_warn(ctx, "could not retrieve port number for device '%s': %s", dev_id, windows_error_str(0));
-				r = init_device(dev, parent_dev, (uint8_t)port_nr, dev_info_data.DevInst);
-				if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
-					// Append device to the list of discovered devices
-					discdevs = discovered_devs_append(*_discdevs, dev);
-					if (!discdevs)
-						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
-
-					*_discdevs = discdevs;
-				} else {
-					// Failed to initialize a single device doesn't stop us from enumerating all other devices,
-					// but we skip it (don't add to list of discovered devices)
-					usbi_warn(ctx, "failed to initialize device '%s'", priv->dev_id);
-					r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-				}
-				break;
-			default: // HID_PASS and later
-				if (parent_priv->apib->id == USB_API_HID || parent_priv->apib->id == USB_API_COMPOSITE) {
-					if (parent_priv->apib->id == USB_API_HID) {
-						usbi_dbg(ctx, "setting HID interface for [%lX]:", parent_dev->session_data);
-						r = set_hid_interface(ctx, parent_dev, dev_interface_path);
-					} else {
-						usbi_dbg(ctx, "setting composite interface for [%lX]:", parent_dev->session_data);
-						r = set_composite_interface(ctx, parent_dev, dev_interface_path, dev_id, api, sub_api);
-					}
-					switch (r) {
-					case LIBUSB_SUCCESS:
-						dev_interface_path = NULL;
-						break;
-					case LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS:
-						// interface has already been set => make sure dev_interface_path is freed then
-						r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-						break;
-					default:
-						LOOP_BREAK(r);
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-				libusb_unref_device(parent_dev);
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	pSetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(dev_info_intf);
-
-	// Free any additional GUIDs
-	for (pass = EXT_PASS; pass < nb_guids; pass++)
-		free((void *)guid_list[pass]);
-	free((void *)guid_list);
-
-	// Free any PnP enumerator strings
-	for (i = 1; i < nb_usb_enumerators; i++)
-		free((void *)usb_enumerator[i]);
-
-	// Unref newly allocated devs
-	for (i = 0; i < unref_cur; i++)
-		libusb_unref_device(unref_list[i]);
-	free(unref_list);
-
-	return r;
-}
-
-static int winusb_get_config_descriptor(struct libusb_device *dev, uint8_t config_index, void *buffer, size_t len)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-	PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR config_header;
-
-	if ((priv->config_descriptor == NULL) || (priv->config_descriptor[config_index] == NULL))
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-
-	config_header = priv->config_descriptor[config_index];
-
-	len = MIN(len, config_header->wTotalLength);
-	memcpy(buffer, config_header, len);
-	return (int)len;
-}
-
-static int winusb_get_config_descriptor_by_value(struct libusb_device *dev, uint8_t bConfigurationValue,
-	void **buffer)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-	PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR config_header;
-	uint8_t index;
-
-	if (priv->config_descriptor == NULL)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-
-	for (index = 0; index < dev->device_descriptor.bNumConfigurations; index++) {
-		config_header = priv->config_descriptor[index];
-		if (config_header == NULL)
-			continue;
-		if (config_header->bConfigurationValue == bConfigurationValue) {
-			*buffer = config_header;
-			return (int)config_header->wTotalLength;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-}
-
-/*
- * return the cached copy of the active config descriptor
- */
-static int winusb_get_active_config_descriptor(struct libusb_device *dev, void *buffer, size_t len)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-	void *config_desc;
-	int r;
-
-	if (priv->active_config == 0)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-
-	r = winusb_get_config_descriptor_by_value(dev, priv->active_config, &config_desc);
-	if (r < 0)
-		return r;
-
-	len = MIN(len, (size_t)r);
-	memcpy(buffer, config_desc, len);
-	return (int)len;
-}
-
-static int winusb_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->apib, open);
-
-	return priv->apib->open(SUB_API_NOTSET, dev_handle);
-}
-
-static void winusb_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	if (priv->apib->close)
-		priv->apib->close(SUB_API_NOTSET, dev_handle);
-}
-
-static int winusb_get_configuration(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t *config)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	*config = priv->active_config;
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/*
- * from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms793522.aspx: "The port driver
- * does not currently expose a service that allows higher-level drivers to set
- * the configuration."
- */
-static int winusb_set_configuration(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t config)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	int r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-
-	r = libusb_control_transfer(dev_handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_OUT |
-		LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_STANDARD | LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_DEVICE,
-		LIBUSB_REQUEST_SET_CONFIGURATION, config,
-		0, NULL, 0, 1000);
-
-	if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-		priv->active_config = config;
-
-	return r;
-}
-
-static int winusb_claim_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	int r;
-
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->apib, claim_interface);
-
-	safe_free(priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint);
-	priv->usb_interface[iface].nb_endpoints = 0;
-
-	r = priv->apib->claim_interface(SUB_API_NOTSET, dev_handle, iface);
-
-	if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-		r = windows_assign_endpoints(dev_handle, iface, 0);
-
-	return r;
-}
-
-static int winusb_set_interface_altsetting(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface, uint8_t altsetting)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	int r;
-
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->apib, set_interface_altsetting);
-
-	safe_free(priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint);
-	priv->usb_interface[iface].nb_endpoints = 0;
-
-	r = priv->apib->set_interface_altsetting(SUB_API_NOTSET, dev_handle, iface, altsetting);
-
-	if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-		r = windows_assign_endpoints(dev_handle, iface, altsetting);
-
-	return r;
-}
-
-static int winusb_release_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->apib, release_interface);
-
-	return priv->apib->release_interface(SUB_API_NOTSET, dev_handle, iface);
-}
-
-static int winusb_clear_halt(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->apib, clear_halt);
-
-	return priv->apib->clear_halt(SUB_API_NOTSET, dev_handle, endpoint);
-}
-
-static int winusb_reset_device(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->apib, reset_device);
-
-	return priv->apib->reset_device(SUB_API_NOTSET, dev_handle);
-}
-
-static void winusb_destroy_device(struct libusb_device *dev)
-{
-	winusb_device_priv_release(dev);
-}
-
-static void winusb_clear_transfer_priv(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	int sub_api = priv->sub_api;
-
-	safe_free(transfer_priv->hid_buffer);
-
-	if (transfer->type == LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS && sub_api == SUB_API_WINUSB) {
-		if (transfer_priv->isoch_buffer_handle != NULL) {
-			if (WinUSBX[sub_api].UnregisterIsochBuffer(transfer_priv->isoch_buffer_handle)) {
-				transfer_priv->isoch_buffer_handle = NULL;
-			} else {
-				usbi_warn(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "failed to unregister WinUSB isoch buffer: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	safe_free(transfer_priv->iso_context);
-
-	// When auto claim is in use, attempt to release the auto-claimed interface
-	auto_release(itransfer);
-}
-
-static int winusb_submit_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	int (*transfer_fn)(int, struct usbi_transfer *);
-
-	switch (transfer->type) {
-	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_CONTROL:
-		transfer_fn = priv->apib->submit_control_transfer;
-		break;
-	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK:
-	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT:
-		transfer_fn = priv->apib->submit_bulk_transfer;
-		break;
-	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS:
-		transfer_fn = priv->apib->submit_iso_transfer;
-		break;
-	default:
-		// Should not get here since windows_submit_transfer() validates
-		// the transfer->type field
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "unknown endpoint type %d", transfer->type);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-	}
-
-	if (transfer_fn == NULL) {
-		usbi_warn(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer),
-			"unsupported transfer type %d (unrecognized device driver)",
-			transfer->type);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-	}
-
-	return transfer_fn(SUB_API_NOTSET, itransfer);
-}
-
-static int winusb_cancel_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->apib, cancel_transfer);
-
-	return priv->apib->cancel_transfer(SUB_API_NOTSET, itransfer);
-}
-
-static enum libusb_transfer_status winusb_copy_transfer_data(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, DWORD length)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-
-	if (priv->apib->copy_transfer_data == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "program assertion failed - no function to copy transfer data");
-		return LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR;
-	}
-
-	return priv->apib->copy_transfer_data(SUB_API_NOTSET, itransfer, length);
-}
-
-// NB: MSVC6 does not support named initializers.
-const struct windows_backend winusb_backend = {
-	winusb_init,
-	winusb_exit,
-	winusb_get_device_list,
-	winusb_open,
-	winusb_close,
-	winusb_get_active_config_descriptor,
-	winusb_get_config_descriptor,
-	winusb_get_config_descriptor_by_value,
-	winusb_get_configuration,
-	winusb_set_configuration,
-	winusb_claim_interface,
-	winusb_release_interface,
-	winusb_set_interface_altsetting,
-	winusb_clear_halt,
-	winusb_reset_device,
-	winusb_destroy_device,
-	winusb_submit_transfer,
-	winusb_cancel_transfer,
-	winusb_clear_transfer_priv,
-	winusb_copy_transfer_data,
-};
-
-/*
- * USB API backends
- */
-
-static const char * const composite_driver_names[] = {"USBCCGP"};
-static const char * const winusbx_driver_names[] = {"libusbK", "libusb0", "WinUSB"};
-static const char * const hid_driver_names[] = {"HIDUSB", "MOUHID", "KBDHID"};
-const struct windows_usb_api_backend usb_api_backend[USB_API_MAX] = {
-	{
-		USB_API_UNSUPPORTED,
-		"Unsupported API",
-		NULL,	/* driver_name_list */
-		0,	/* nb_driver_names */
-		NULL,	/* init */
-		NULL,	/* exit */
-		NULL,	/* open */
-		NULL,	/* close */
-		NULL,	/* configure_endpoints */
-		NULL,	/* claim_interface */
-		NULL,	/* set_interface_altsetting */
-		NULL,	/* release_interface */
-		NULL,	/* clear_halt */
-		NULL,	/* reset_device */
-		NULL,	/* submit_bulk_transfer */
-		NULL,	/* submit_iso_transfer */
-		NULL,	/* submit_control_transfer */
-		NULL,	/* cancel_transfer */
-		NULL,	/* copy_transfer_data */
-	},
-	{
-		USB_API_HUB,
-		"HUB API",
-		NULL,	/* driver_name_list */
-		0,	/* nb_driver_names */
-		NULL,	/* init */
-		NULL,	/* exit */
-		NULL,	/* open */
-		NULL,	/* close */
-		NULL,	/* configure_endpoints */
-		NULL,	/* claim_interface */
-		NULL,	/* set_interface_altsetting */
-		NULL,	/* release_interface */
-		NULL,	/* clear_halt */
-		NULL,	/* reset_device */
-		NULL,	/* submit_bulk_transfer */
-		NULL,	/* submit_iso_transfer */
-		NULL,	/* submit_control_transfer */
-		NULL,	/* cancel_transfer */
-		NULL,	/* copy_transfer_data */
-	},
-	{
-		USB_API_COMPOSITE,
-		"Composite API",
-		composite_driver_names,
-		ARRAYSIZE(composite_driver_names),
-		NULL,	/* init */
-		NULL,	/* exit */
-		composite_open,
-		composite_close,
-		NULL,	/* configure_endpoints */
-		composite_claim_interface,
-		composite_set_interface_altsetting,
-		composite_release_interface,
-		composite_clear_halt,
-		composite_reset_device,
-		composite_submit_bulk_transfer,
-		composite_submit_iso_transfer,
-		composite_submit_control_transfer,
-		composite_cancel_transfer,
-		composite_copy_transfer_data,
-	},
-	{
-		USB_API_WINUSBX,
-		"WinUSB-like APIs",
-		winusbx_driver_names,
-		ARRAYSIZE(winusbx_driver_names),
-		winusbx_init,
-		winusbx_exit,
-		winusbx_open,
-		winusbx_close,
-		winusbx_configure_endpoints,
-		winusbx_claim_interface,
-		winusbx_set_interface_altsetting,
-		winusbx_release_interface,
-		winusbx_clear_halt,
-		winusbx_reset_device,
-		winusbx_submit_bulk_transfer,
-		winusbx_submit_iso_transfer,
-		winusbx_submit_control_transfer,
-		winusbx_cancel_transfer,
-		winusbx_copy_transfer_data,
-	},
-	{
-		USB_API_HID,
-		"HID API",
-		hid_driver_names,
-		ARRAYSIZE(hid_driver_names),
-		hid_init,
-		hid_exit,
-		hid_open,
-		hid_close,
-		NULL,	/* configure_endpoints */
-		hid_claim_interface,
-		hid_set_interface_altsetting,
-		hid_release_interface,
-		hid_clear_halt,
-		hid_reset_device,
-		hid_submit_bulk_transfer,
-		NULL,	/* submit_iso_transfer */
-		hid_submit_control_transfer,
-		NULL,	/* cancel_transfer */
-		hid_copy_transfer_data,
-	},
-};
-
-
-/*
- * WinUSB-like (WinUSB, libusb0/libusbK through libusbk DLL) API functions
- */
-#define WinUSB_Set(h, fn, required)										\
-	do {											\
-		WinUSBX[SUB_API_WINUSB].fn = (WinUsb_##fn##_t)GetProcAddress(h, "WinUsb_" #fn);	\
-		if (required && (WinUSBX[SUB_API_WINUSB].fn == NULL)) {				\
-			usbi_err(ctx, "GetProcAddress() failed for WinUsb_%s", #fn);		\
-			goto cleanup_winusb;							\
-		}										\
-	} while (0)
-
-#define libusbK_Set(sub_api, fn, required)								\
-	do {											\
-		pLibK_GetProcAddress((PVOID *)&WinUSBX[sub_api].fn, sub_api, KUSB_FNID_##fn);	\
-		if (required && (WinUSBX[sub_api].fn == NULL)) {				\
-			usbi_err(ctx, "LibK_GetProcAddress() failed for LibK_%s", #fn);		\
-			goto cleanup_libusbk;							\
-		}										\
-	} while (0)
-
-static bool winusbx_init(struct libusb_context *ctx)
-{
-	HMODULE hWinUSB, hlibusbK;
-
-	hWinUSB = load_system_library(ctx, "WinUSB");
-	if (hWinUSB != NULL) {
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, AbortPipe, true);
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, ControlTransfer, true);
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, FlushPipe, true);
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, Free, true);
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, GetAssociatedInterface, true);
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, Initialize, true);
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, ReadPipe, true);
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, ResetPipe, true);
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, SetCurrentAlternateSetting, true);
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, SetPipePolicy, true);
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, WritePipe, true);
-
-		// Check for isochronous transfers support (available starting with Windows 8.1)
-		WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, ReadIsochPipeAsap, false);
-		if (WinUSBX[SUB_API_WINUSB].ReadIsochPipeAsap != NULL) {
-			WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, QueryPipeEx, true);
-			WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, RegisterIsochBuffer, true);
-			WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, UnregisterIsochBuffer, true);
-			WinUSB_Set(hWinUSB, WriteIsochPipeAsap, true);
-		}
-
-		WinUSBX[SUB_API_WINUSB].hDll = hWinUSB;
-
-		usbi_info(ctx, "WinUSB DLL available (%s isoch support)",
-			(WinUSBX[SUB_API_WINUSB].ReadIsochPipeAsap != NULL) ? "with" : "without");
-
-cleanup_winusb:
-		if (WinUSBX[SUB_API_WINUSB].hDll == NULL) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "failed to initialize WinUSB");
-			memset(&WinUSBX[SUB_API_WINUSB], 0, sizeof(WinUSBX[SUB_API_WINUSB]));
-			FreeLibrary(hWinUSB);
-			hWinUSB = NULL;
-		}
-	} else {
-		usbi_info(ctx, "WinUSB DLL is not available");
-	}
-
-	hlibusbK = load_system_library(ctx, "libusbK");
-	if (hlibusbK != NULL) {
-		LibK_GetVersion_t pLibK_GetVersion;
-		LibK_GetProcAddress_t pLibK_GetProcAddress;
-		int sub_api = 0;
-
-		pLibK_GetVersion = (LibK_GetVersion_t)GetProcAddress(hlibusbK, "LibK_GetVersion");
-		if (pLibK_GetVersion != NULL) {
-			KLIB_VERSION LibK_Version;
-
-			pLibK_GetVersion(&LibK_Version);
-			usbi_dbg(ctx, "libusbK DLL found, version: %d.%d.%d.%d", LibK_Version.Major, LibK_Version.Minor,
-				LibK_Version.Micro, LibK_Version.Nano);
-		} else {
-			usbi_dbg(ctx, "libusbK DLL found, version unknown");
-		}
-
-		pLibK_GetProcAddress = (LibK_GetProcAddress_t)GetProcAddress(hlibusbK, "LibK_GetProcAddress");
-		if (pLibK_GetProcAddress == NULL) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "LibK_GetProcAddress() not found in libusbK DLL");
-			goto cleanup_libusbk;
-		}
-
-		// NB: The below for loop works because the sub_api value for WinUSB
-		// is a higher value than that of libusbK and libusb0
-		for (; sub_api < SUB_API_WINUSB; sub_api++) {
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, AbortPipe, true);
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, ControlTransfer, true);
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, FlushPipe, true);
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, Free, true);
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, GetAssociatedInterface, true);
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, Initialize, true);
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, ReadPipe, true);
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, ResetPipe, true);
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, SetCurrentAlternateSetting, true);
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, SetPipePolicy, true);
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, WritePipe, true);
-
-			// Optional isochronous support
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, IsoReadPipe, false);
-			if (WinUSBX[sub_api].IsoReadPipe != NULL)
-				libusbK_Set(sub_api, IsoWritePipe, true);
-
-			// Optional device reset support
-			libusbK_Set(sub_api, ResetDevice, false);
-
-			WinUSBX[sub_api].hDll = hlibusbK;
-		}
-
-cleanup_libusbk:
-		if (sub_api < SUB_API_WINUSB) {
-			usbi_err(ctx, "failed to initialize libusbK");
-			while (sub_api >= 0) {
-				memset(&WinUSBX[sub_api], 0, sizeof(WinUSBX[sub_api]));
-				sub_api--;
-			}
-			FreeLibrary(hlibusbK);
-			hlibusbK = NULL;
-		}
-	} else {
-		usbi_info(ctx, "libusbK DLL is not available");
-	}
-
-	if ((hWinUSB == NULL) && (hlibusbK == NULL)) {
-		usbi_warn(ctx, "neither WinUSB nor libusbK DLLs were found, "
-			"you will not be able to access devices outside of enumeration");
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-static void winusbx_exit(void)
-{
-	bool loaded = false;
-	HMODULE hDll;
-
-	hDll = WinUSBX[SUB_API_LIBUSBK].hDll;
-	if (hDll != NULL) {
-		FreeLibrary(hDll);
-		loaded = true;
-	}
-
-	hDll = WinUSBX[SUB_API_WINUSB].hDll;
-	if (hDll != NULL) {
-		FreeLibrary(hDll);
-		loaded = true;
-	}
-
-	// Reset the WinUSBX API structures if something was loaded
-	if (loaded)
-		memset(&WinUSBX, 0, sizeof(WinUSBX));
-}
-
-// NB: open and close must ensure that they only handle interface of
-// the right API type, as these functions can be called wholesale from
-// composite_open(), with interfaces belonging to different APIs
-static int winusbx_open(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	HANDLE file_handle;
-	int i;
-
-	CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api);
-
-	// WinUSB requires a separate handle for each interface
-	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
-		if ((priv->usb_interface[i].path != NULL)
-				&& (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id == USB_API_WINUSBX)) {
-			file_handle = windows_open(dev_handle, priv->usb_interface[i].path, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE);
-			if (file_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-				usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "could not open device %s (interface %d): %s", priv->usb_interface[i].path, i, windows_error_str(0));
-				switch (GetLastError()) {
-				case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: // The device was disconnected
-					return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-				case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
-					return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
-				default:
-					return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
-				}
-			}
-
-			handle_priv->interface_handle[i].dev_handle = file_handle;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static void winusbx_close(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	HANDLE handle;
-	int i;
-
-	if (sub_api == SUB_API_NOTSET)
-		sub_api = priv->sub_api;
-
-	if (WinUSBX[sub_api].hDll == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	if (priv->apib->id == USB_API_COMPOSITE) {
-		// If this is a composite device, just free and close all WinUSB-like
-		// interfaces directly (each is independent and not associated with another)
-		for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
-			if (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id == USB_API_WINUSBX) {
-				handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle;
-				if (HANDLE_VALID(handle))
-					WinUSBX[sub_api].Free(handle);
-
-				handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[i].dev_handle;
-				if (HANDLE_VALID(handle))
-					CloseHandle(handle);
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		// If this is a WinUSB device, free all interfaces above interface 0,
-		// then free and close interface 0 last
-		for (i = 1; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
-			handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle;
-			if (HANDLE_VALID(handle))
-				WinUSBX[sub_api].Free(handle);
-		}
-		handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[0].api_handle;
-		if (HANDLE_VALID(handle))
-			WinUSBX[sub_api].Free(handle);
-
-		handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[0].dev_handle;
-		if (HANDLE_VALID(handle))
-			CloseHandle(handle);
-	}
-}
-
-static int winusbx_configure_endpoints(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	HANDLE winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle;
-	UCHAR policy;
-	ULONG timeout = 0;
-	uint8_t endpoint_address;
-	int i;
-
-	CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api);
-
-	// With handle and endpoints set (in parent), we can setup the default pipe properties
-	// see http://download.microsoft.com/download/D/1/D/D1DD7745-426B-4CC3-A269-ABBBE427C0EF/DVC-T705_DDC08.pptx
-	for (i = -1; i < priv->usb_interface[iface].nb_endpoints; i++) {
-		endpoint_address = (i == -1) ? 0 : priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint[i];
-		if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, endpoint_address,
-			PIPE_TRANSFER_TIMEOUT, sizeof(ULONG), &timeout))
-			usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "failed to set PIPE_TRANSFER_TIMEOUT for control endpoint %02X", endpoint_address);
-
-		if ((i == -1) || (sub_api == SUB_API_LIBUSB0))
-			continue; // Other policies don't apply to control endpoint or libusb0
-
-		policy = false;
-		handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].zlp[endpoint_address] = WINUSB_ZLP_UNSET;
-		if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, endpoint_address,
-			SHORT_PACKET_TERMINATE, sizeof(UCHAR), &policy))
-			usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "failed to disable SHORT_PACKET_TERMINATE for endpoint %02X", endpoint_address);
-
-		if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, endpoint_address,
-			IGNORE_SHORT_PACKETS, sizeof(UCHAR), &policy))
-			usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "failed to disable IGNORE_SHORT_PACKETS for endpoint %02X", endpoint_address);
-
-		policy = true;
-		/* ALLOW_PARTIAL_READS must be enabled due to likely libusbK bug. See:
-		   https://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=29736015 */
-		if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, endpoint_address,
-			ALLOW_PARTIAL_READS, sizeof(UCHAR), &policy))
-			usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "failed to enable ALLOW_PARTIAL_READS for endpoint %02X", endpoint_address);
-
-		if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, endpoint_address,
-			AUTO_CLEAR_STALL, sizeof(UCHAR), &policy))
-			usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "failed to enable AUTO_CLEAR_STALL for endpoint %02X", endpoint_address);
-
-		if (sub_api == SUB_API_LIBUSBK) {
-			if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, endpoint_address,
-				ISO_ALWAYS_START_ASAP, sizeof(UCHAR), &policy))
-				usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "failed to enable ISO_ALWAYS_START_ASAP for endpoint %02X", endpoint_address);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int winusbx_claim_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface)
-{
-	struct libusb_context *ctx = HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	bool is_using_usbccgp = (priv->apib->id == USB_API_COMPOSITE);
-	HDEVINFO dev_info;
-	char *dev_interface_path = NULL;
-	char *dev_interface_path_guid_start;
-	char filter_path[] = "\\\\.\\libusb0-0000";
-	bool found_filter = false;
-	HANDLE file_handle, winusb_handle;
-	DWORD err, _index;
-	int r;
-
-	CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api);
-
-	// If the device is composite, but using the default Windows composite parent driver (usbccgp)
-	// or if it's the first WinUSB-like interface, we get a handle through Initialize().
-	if ((is_using_usbccgp) || (iface == 0)) {
-		// composite device (independent interfaces) or interface 0
-		file_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle;
-		if (!HANDLE_VALID(file_handle))
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-
-		if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].Initialize(file_handle, &winusb_handle)) {
-			handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-			err = GetLastError();
-			switch (err) {
-			case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND:
-				// The device was disconnected
-				usbi_err(ctx, "could not access interface %u: %s", iface, windows_error_str(0));
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-			default:
-				// it may be that we're using the libusb0 filter driver.
-				// TODO: can we move this whole business into the K/0 DLL?
-				r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-				for (_index = 0; ; _index++) {
-					safe_free(dev_interface_path);
-
-					if (found_filter)
-						break;
-
-					r = get_interface_details_filter(ctx, &dev_info, _index, filter_path, &dev_interface_path);
-					if ((r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) || (dev_interface_path == NULL))
-						break;
-
-					// ignore GUID part
-					dev_interface_path_guid_start = strchr(dev_interface_path, '{');
-					if (dev_interface_path_guid_start == NULL)
-						continue;
-					*dev_interface_path_guid_start = '\0';
-
-					if (strncmp(dev_interface_path, priv->usb_interface[iface].path, strlen(dev_interface_path)) == 0) {
-						file_handle = windows_open(dev_handle, filter_path, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE);
-						if (file_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-							if (WinUSBX[sub_api].Initialize(file_handle, &winusb_handle)) {
-								// Replace the existing file handle with the working one
-								CloseHandle(handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle);
-								handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle = file_handle;
-								found_filter = true;
-							} else {
-								usbi_err(ctx, "could not initialize filter driver for %s", filter_path);
-								CloseHandle(file_handle);
-							}
-						} else {
-							usbi_err(ctx, "could not open device %s: %s", filter_path, windows_error_str(0));
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-					return r;
-				if (!found_filter) {
-					usbi_err(ctx, "could not access interface %u: %s", iface, windows_error_str(err));
-					return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle = winusb_handle;
-	} else {
-		// For all other interfaces, use GetAssociatedInterface()
-		winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[0].api_handle;
-		// It is a requirement for multiple interface devices on Windows that, to you
-		// must first claim the first interface before you claim the others
-		if (!HANDLE_VALID(winusb_handle)) {
-			file_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[0].dev_handle;
-			if (WinUSBX[sub_api].Initialize(file_handle, &winusb_handle)) {
-				handle_priv->interface_handle[0].api_handle = winusb_handle;
-				usbi_warn(ctx, "auto-claimed interface 0 (required to claim %u with WinUSB)", iface);
-			} else {
-				usbi_warn(ctx, "failed to auto-claim interface 0 (required to claim %u with WinUSB): %s", iface, windows_error_str(0));
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
-			}
-		}
-		if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].GetAssociatedInterface(winusb_handle, (UCHAR)(iface - 1),
-			&handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle)) {
-			handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-			switch (GetLastError()) {
-			case ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS:   // invalid iface
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-			case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND:     // The device was disconnected
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-			case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS:  // already claimed
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY;
-			default:
-				usbi_err(ctx, "could not claim interface %u: %s", iface, windows_error_str(0));
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
-			}
-		}
-		handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[0].dev_handle;
-	}
-	usbi_dbg(ctx, "claimed interface %u", iface);
-	handle_priv->active_interface = iface;
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int winusbx_release_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	HANDLE winusb_handle;
-
-	CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api);
-
-	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle;
-	if (!HANDLE_VALID(winusb_handle))
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-
-	WinUSBX[sub_api].Free(winusb_handle);
-	handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/*
- * Return the first valid interface (of the same API type), for control transfers
- */
-static int get_valid_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int api_id)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	int i;
-
-	if ((api_id < USB_API_WINUSBX) || (api_id > USB_API_HID)) {
-		usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "unsupported API ID");
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
-	if (HANDLE_VALID(handle_priv->interface_handle[i].dev_handle)
-			&& HANDLE_VALID(handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle)
-			&& (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id == api_id))
-		return i;
-	}
-
-	return -1;
-}
-
-/*
-* Check a specific interface is valid (of the same API type), for control transfers
-*/
-static int check_valid_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned short interface, int api_id)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	if (interface >= USB_MAXINTERFACES)
-		return -1;
-
-	if ((api_id < USB_API_WINUSBX) || (api_id > USB_API_HID)) {
-		usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "unsupported API ID");
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	// try the requested interface
-	if (HANDLE_VALID(handle_priv->interface_handle[interface].dev_handle)
-		&& HANDLE_VALID(handle_priv->interface_handle[interface].api_handle)
-		&& (priv->usb_interface[interface].apib->id == api_id))
-		return interface;
-
-	return -1;
-}
-
-/*
- * Lookup interface by endpoint address. -1 if not found
- */
-static int interface_by_endpoint(struct winusb_device_priv *priv,
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv, uint8_t endpoint_address)
-{
-	int i, j;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
-		if (!HANDLE_VALID(handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle))
-			continue;
-		if (priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint == NULL)
-			continue;
-		for (j = 0; j < priv->usb_interface[i].nb_endpoints; j++) {
-			if (priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j] == endpoint_address)
-				return i;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return -1;
-}
-
-static int winusbx_submit_control_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
-	PWINUSB_SETUP_PACKET setup = (PWINUSB_SETUP_PACKET)transfer->buffer;
-	ULONG size, transferred;
-	HANDLE winusb_handle;
-	OVERLAPPED *overlapped;
-	int current_interface;
-
-	CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api);
-
-	size = transfer->length - LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE;
-
-	// Windows places upper limits on the control transfer size
-	// See: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/usbcon/usb-bandwidth-allocation#maximum-transfer-size
-	if (size > MAX_CTRL_BUFFER_LENGTH)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-
-	if ((setup->RequestType & 0x1F) == LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE)
-		current_interface = check_valid_interface(transfer->dev_handle, setup->Index & 0xff, USB_API_WINUSBX);
-	else
-		current_interface = get_valid_interface(transfer->dev_handle, USB_API_WINUSBX);
-	if (current_interface < 0) {
-		if (auto_claim(transfer, &current_interface, USB_API_WINUSBX) != LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	usbi_dbg(ITRANSFER_CTX(itransfer), "will use interface %d", current_interface);
-
-	transfer_priv->interface_number = (uint8_t)current_interface;
-	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
-	set_transfer_priv_handle(itransfer, handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].dev_handle);
-	overlapped = get_transfer_priv_overlapped(itransfer);
-
-	// Sending of set configuration control requests from WinUSB creates issues, except when using libusb0.sys
-	if (sub_api != SUB_API_LIBUSB0
-			&& (LIBUSB_REQ_TYPE(setup->RequestType) == LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_STANDARD)
-			&& (setup->Request == LIBUSB_REQUEST_SET_CONFIGURATION)) {
-		if (setup->Value != priv->active_config) {
-			usbi_warn(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "cannot set configuration other than the default one");
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-		}
-		windows_force_sync_completion(itransfer, 0);
-	} else {
-		if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].ControlTransfer(winusb_handle, *setup, transfer->buffer + LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE, size, &transferred, overlapped)) {
-			if (GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
-				usbi_warn(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "ControlTransfer failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
-			}
-		} else {
-			windows_force_sync_completion(itransfer, transferred);
-		}
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int winusbx_set_interface_altsetting(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface, uint8_t altsetting)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	HANDLE winusb_handle;
-
-	CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api);
-
-	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle;
-	if (!HANDLE_VALID(winusb_handle)) {
-		usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "interface must be claimed first");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].SetCurrentAlternateSetting(winusb_handle, altsetting)) {
-		usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "SetCurrentAlternateSetting failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-
-static void WINAPI winusbx_native_iso_transfer_continue_stream_callback(struct libusb_transfer *transfer)
-{
-	// If this callback is invoked, this means that we attempted to set ContinueStream
-	// to TRUE when calling Read/WriteIsochPipeAsap in winusbx_do_iso_transfer.
-	// The role of this callback is to fallback to ContinueStream = FALSE if the transfer
-	// did not succeed.
-
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv =
-		get_winusb_transfer_priv(LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TO_USBI_TRANSFER(transfer));
-	bool fallback = (transfer->status != LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED);
-	int idx;
-
-	// Restore the user callback
-	transfer->callback = transfer_priv->iso_user_callback;
-
-	for (idx = 0; idx < transfer->num_iso_packets && !fallback; idx++) {
-		if (transfer->iso_packet_desc[idx].status != LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED)
-			fallback = true;
-	}
-
-	if (!fallback) {
-		// If the transfer was successful, we restore the user callback and call it.
-		if (transfer->callback)
-			transfer->callback(transfer);
-	} else {
-		// If the transfer wasn't successful we reschedule the transfer while forcing it
-		// not to continue the stream. This might results in a 5-ms delay.
-		transfer_priv->iso_break_stream = TRUE;
-		libusb_submit_transfer(transfer);
-	}
-}
-static int winusbx_submit_iso_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	HANDLE winusb_handle;
-	OVERLAPPED *overlapped;
-	BOOL ret;
-	int current_interface;
-
-	CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api);
-
-	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, transfer->endpoint);
-	if (current_interface < 0) {
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cancelling transfer");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "matched endpoint %02X with interface %d", transfer->endpoint, current_interface);
-
-	transfer_priv->interface_number = (uint8_t)current_interface;
-	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
-	set_transfer_priv_handle(itransfer, handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].dev_handle);
-	overlapped = get_transfer_priv_overlapped(itransfer);
-
-	if ((sub_api == SUB_API_LIBUSBK) || (sub_api == SUB_API_LIBUSB0)) {
-		int i;
-		UINT offset;
-		size_t iso_ctx_size;
-		PKISO_CONTEXT iso_context;
-
-		if (WinUSBX[sub_api].IsoReadPipe == NULL) {
-			usbi_warn(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "libusbK DLL does not support isoch transfers");
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-		}
-
-		iso_ctx_size = sizeof(KISO_CONTEXT) + (transfer->num_iso_packets * sizeof(KISO_PACKET));
-		transfer_priv->iso_context = iso_context = calloc(1, iso_ctx_size);
-		if (transfer_priv->iso_context == NULL)
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-
-		// start ASAP
-		iso_context->StartFrame = 0;
-		iso_context->NumberOfPackets = (SHORT)transfer->num_iso_packets;
-
-		// convert the transfer packet lengths to iso_packet offsets
-		offset = 0;
-		for (i = 0; i < transfer->num_iso_packets; i++) {
-			iso_context->IsoPackets[i].offset = offset;
-			offset += transfer->iso_packet_desc[i].length;
-		}
-
-		if (IS_XFERIN(transfer)) {
-			usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "reading %d iso packets", transfer->num_iso_packets);
-			ret = WinUSBX[sub_api].IsoReadPipe(winusb_handle, transfer->endpoint, transfer->buffer, transfer->length, overlapped, iso_context);
-		} else {
-			usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "writing %d iso packets", transfer->num_iso_packets);
-			ret = WinUSBX[sub_api].IsoWritePipe(winusb_handle, transfer->endpoint, transfer->buffer, transfer->length, overlapped, iso_context);
-		}
-
-		if (!ret && GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
-			usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "IsoReadPipe/IsoWritePipe failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
-		}
-
-		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-	} else if (sub_api == SUB_API_WINUSB) {
-		WINUSB_PIPE_INFORMATION_EX pipe_info_ex = { 0 };
-		WINUSB_ISOCH_BUFFER_HANDLE buffer_handle;
-		ULONG iso_transfer_size_multiple;
-		int out_transfer_length = 0;
-		int idx;
-
-		// Depending on the version of Microsoft WinUSB, isochronous transfers may not be supported.
-		if (WinUSBX[sub_api].ReadIsochPipeAsap == NULL) {
-			usbi_warn(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "WinUSB DLL does not support isoch transfers");
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-		}
-
-		if (sizeof(struct libusb_iso_packet_descriptor) != sizeof(USBD_ISO_PACKET_DESCRIPTOR)) {
-			usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "size of WinUsb and libusb isoch packet descriptors don't match");
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-		}
-
-		// Query the pipe extended information to find the pipe index corresponding to the endpoint.
-		for (idx = 0; idx < priv->usb_interface[current_interface].nb_endpoints; ++idx) {
-			ret = WinUSBX[sub_api].QueryPipeEx(winusb_handle, (UINT8)priv->usb_interface[current_interface].current_altsetting, (UCHAR)idx, &pipe_info_ex);
-			if (!ret) {
-				usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "couldn't query interface settings for USB pipe with index %d. Error: %s", idx, windows_error_str(0));
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-			}
-
-			if (pipe_info_ex.PipeId == transfer->endpoint && pipe_info_ex.PipeType == UsbdPipeTypeIsochronous)
-				break;
-		}
-
-		// Make sure we found the index.
-		if (idx == priv->usb_interface[current_interface].nb_endpoints) {
-			usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "couldn't find isoch endpoint 0x%02x", transfer->endpoint);
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-		}
-
-		if (IS_XFERIN(transfer)) {
-			int interval = pipe_info_ex.Interval;
-
-			// For high-speed and SuperSpeed device, the interval is 2**(bInterval-1).
-			if (transfer->dev_handle->dev->speed >= LIBUSB_SPEED_HIGH)
-				interval = (1 << (pipe_info_ex.Interval - 1));
-
-			// WinUSB only supports isoch transfers spanning a full USB frames. Later, we might be smarter about this
-			// and allocate a temporary buffer. However, this is harder than it seems as its destruction would depend on overlapped
-			// IO...
-			iso_transfer_size_multiple = (pipe_info_ex.MaximumBytesPerInterval * 8) / interval;
-			if (transfer->length % iso_transfer_size_multiple != 0) {
-				usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "length of isoch buffer must be a multiple of the MaximumBytesPerInterval * 8 / Interval");
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-			}
-		} else {
-			// If this is an OUT transfer, we make sure the isoch packets are contiguous as this isn't supported otherwise.
-			bool size_should_be_zero = false;
-
-			for (idx = 0; idx < transfer->num_iso_packets; ++idx) {
-				if ((size_should_be_zero && transfer->iso_packet_desc[idx].length != 0) ||
-					(transfer->iso_packet_desc[idx].length != pipe_info_ex.MaximumBytesPerInterval && idx + 1 < transfer->num_iso_packets && transfer->iso_packet_desc[idx + 1].length > 0)) {
-					usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "isoch packets for OUT transfer with WinUSB must be contiguous in memory");
-					return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-				}
-
-				size_should_be_zero = (transfer->iso_packet_desc[idx].length == 0);
-				out_transfer_length += transfer->iso_packet_desc[idx].length;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (transfer_priv->isoch_buffer_handle != NULL) {
-			if (WinUSBX[sub_api].UnregisterIsochBuffer(transfer_priv->isoch_buffer_handle)) {
-				transfer_priv->isoch_buffer_handle = NULL;
-			} else {
-				usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "failed to unregister WinUSB isoch buffer: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Register the isoch buffer to the operating system.
-		ret = WinUSBX[sub_api].RegisterIsochBuffer(winusb_handle, transfer->endpoint, transfer->buffer, transfer->length, &buffer_handle);
-		if (!ret) {
-			usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "failed to register WinUSB isoch buffer: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-		}
-
-		// Important note: the WinUSB_Read/WriteIsochPipeAsap API requires a ContinueStream parameter that tells whether the isochronous
-		// stream must be continued or if the WinUSB driver can schedule the transfer at its convenience. Profiling subsequent transfers
-		// with ContinueStream = FALSE showed that 5 frames, i.e. about 5 milliseconds, were left empty between each transfer. This
-		// is critical as this greatly diminish the achievable isochronous bandwidth. We solved the problem using the following strategy:
-		// - Transfers are first scheduled with ContinueStream = TRUE and with winusbx_iso_transfer_continue_stream_callback as user callback.
-		// - If the transfer succeeds, winusbx_iso_transfer_continue_stream_callback restore the user callback and calls its.
-		// - If the transfer fails, winusbx_iso_transfer_continue_stream_callback reschedule the transfer and force ContinueStream = FALSE.
-		if (!transfer_priv->iso_break_stream) {
-			transfer_priv->iso_user_callback = transfer->callback;
-			transfer->callback = winusbx_native_iso_transfer_continue_stream_callback;
-		}
-
-		// Initiate the transfers.
-		if (IS_XFERIN(transfer))
-			ret = WinUSBX[sub_api].ReadIsochPipeAsap(buffer_handle, 0, transfer->length, !transfer_priv->iso_break_stream, transfer->num_iso_packets, (PUSBD_ISO_PACKET_DESCRIPTOR)transfer->iso_packet_desc, overlapped);
-		else
-			ret = WinUSBX[sub_api].WriteIsochPipeAsap(buffer_handle, 0, out_transfer_length, !transfer_priv->iso_break_stream, overlapped);
-
-		if (!ret && GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
-			usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "ReadIsochPipeAsap/WriteIsochPipeAsap failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-			if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].UnregisterIsochBuffer(buffer_handle))
-				usbi_warn(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "failed to unregister WinUSB isoch buffer: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
-		}
-
-		// Restore the ContinueStream parameter to TRUE.
-		transfer_priv->iso_break_stream = FALSE;
-
-		transfer_priv->isoch_buffer_handle = buffer_handle;
-
-		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-	} else {
-		PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(winusbx_submit_iso_transfer);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-	}
-}
-
-static int winusbx_submit_bulk_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	HANDLE winusb_handle;
-	OVERLAPPED *overlapped;
-	BOOL ret;
-	int current_interface;
-
-	CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api);
-
-	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, transfer->endpoint);
-	if (current_interface < 0) {
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cancelling transfer");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "matched endpoint %02X with interface %d", transfer->endpoint, current_interface);
-
-	transfer_priv->interface_number = (uint8_t)current_interface;
-	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
-	set_transfer_priv_handle(itransfer, handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].dev_handle);
-	overlapped = get_transfer_priv_overlapped(itransfer);
-
-	if (IS_XFERIN(transfer)) {
-		usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "reading %d bytes", transfer->length);
-		ret = WinUSBX[sub_api].ReadPipe(winusb_handle, transfer->endpoint, transfer->buffer, transfer->length, NULL, overlapped);
-	} else {
-		// Set SHORT_PACKET_TERMINATE if ZLP requested.
-		// Changing this can be a problem with packets in flight, so only allow on the first transfer.
-		UCHAR policy = (transfer->flags & LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ADD_ZERO_PACKET) != 0;
-		uint8_t* current_zlp = &handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].zlp[transfer->endpoint];
-		if (*current_zlp == WINUSB_ZLP_UNSET) {
-			if (policy &&
-				!WinUSBX[sub_api].SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, transfer->endpoint,
-				SHORT_PACKET_TERMINATE, sizeof(UCHAR), &policy)) {
-				usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "failed to set SHORT_PACKET_TERMINATE for endpoint %02X", transfer->endpoint);
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-			}
-			*current_zlp = policy ? WINUSB_ZLP_ON : WINUSB_ZLP_OFF;
-		} else if (policy != (*current_zlp == WINUSB_ZLP_ON)) {
-			usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "cannot change ZERO_PACKET for endpoint %02X on Windows", transfer->endpoint);
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-		}
-
-		usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "writing %d bytes", transfer->length);
-		ret = WinUSBX[sub_api].WritePipe(winusb_handle, transfer->endpoint, transfer->buffer, transfer->length, NULL, overlapped);
-	}
-
-	if (!ret && GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "ReadPipe/WritePipe failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int winusbx_clear_halt(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	HANDLE winusb_handle;
-	int current_interface;
-
-	CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api);
-
-	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, endpoint);
-	if (current_interface < 0) {
-		usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cannot clear");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "matched endpoint %02X with interface %d", endpoint, current_interface);
-	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
-
-	if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].ResetPipe(winusb_handle, endpoint)) {
-		usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "ResetPipe failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int winusbx_cancel_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	int current_interface = transfer_priv->interface_number;
-	HANDLE handle;
-
-	CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api);
-
-	usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "will use interface %d", current_interface);
-
-	handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
-	if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].AbortPipe(handle, transfer->endpoint)) {
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "AbortPipe failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-/*
- * from the "How to Use WinUSB to Communicate with a USB Device" Microsoft white paper
- * (http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/connect/usb/winusb_howto.mspx):
- * "WinUSB does not support host-initiated reset port and cycle port operations" and
- * IOCTL_INTERNAL_USB_CYCLE_PORT is only available in kernel mode and the
- * IOCTL_USB_HUB_CYCLE_PORT ioctl was removed from Vista => the best we can do is
- * cycle the pipes (and even then, the control pipe can not be reset using WinUSB)
- */
-// TODO: (post hotplug): see if we can force eject the device and redetect it (reuse hotplug?)
-static int winusbx_reset_device(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	HANDLE winusb_handle;
-	int i, j;
-
-	CHECK_WINUSBX_AVAILABLE(sub_api);
-
-	// Reset any available pipe (except control)
-	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
-		winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle;
-		if (HANDLE_VALID(winusb_handle)) {
-			for (j = 0; j < priv->usb_interface[i].nb_endpoints; j++) {
-				usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "resetting ep %02X", priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j]);
-				if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].AbortPipe(winusb_handle, priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j]))
-					usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "AbortPipe (pipe address %02X) failed: %s",
-						priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j], windows_error_str(0));
-
-				// FlushPipe seems to fail on OUT pipes
-				if (IS_EPIN(priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j])
-						&& (!WinUSBX[sub_api].FlushPipe(winusb_handle, priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j])))
-					usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "FlushPipe (pipe address %02X) failed: %s",
-						priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j], windows_error_str(0));
-
-				if (!WinUSBX[sub_api].ResetPipe(winusb_handle, priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j]))
-					usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "ResetPipe (pipe address %02X) failed: %s",
-						priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j], windows_error_str(0));
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// libusbK & libusb0 have the ability to issue an actual device reset
-	if ((sub_api != SUB_API_WINUSB) && (WinUSBX[sub_api].ResetDevice != NULL)) {
-		winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[0].api_handle;
-		if (HANDLE_VALID(winusb_handle))
-			WinUSBX[sub_api].ResetDevice(winusb_handle);
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static enum libusb_transfer_status winusbx_copy_transfer_data(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, DWORD length)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	int i;
-
-	if (transfer->type == LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS) {
-		// for isochronous, need to copy the individual iso packet actual_lengths and statuses
-		if ((sub_api == SUB_API_LIBUSBK) || (sub_api == SUB_API_LIBUSB0)) {
-			// iso only supported on libusbk-based backends for now
-			PKISO_CONTEXT iso_context = transfer_priv->iso_context;
-			for (i = 0; i < transfer->num_iso_packets; i++) {
-				transfer->iso_packet_desc[i].actual_length = iso_context->IsoPackets[i].actual_length;
-				// TODO translate USDB_STATUS codes http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff539136(VS.85).aspx to libusb_transfer_status
-				//transfer->iso_packet_desc[i].status = transfer_priv->iso_context->IsoPackets[i].status;
-			}
-		} else if (sub_api == SUB_API_WINUSB) {
-			if (IS_XFERIN(transfer)) {
-				/* Convert isochronous packet descriptor between Windows and libusb representation.
-				 * Both representation are guaranteed to have the same length in bytes.*/
-				PUSBD_ISO_PACKET_DESCRIPTOR usbd_iso_packet_desc = (PUSBD_ISO_PACKET_DESCRIPTOR)transfer->iso_packet_desc;
-				for (i = 0; i < transfer->num_iso_packets; i++) {
-					unsigned int packet_length = (i < transfer->num_iso_packets - 1) ? (usbd_iso_packet_desc[i + 1].Offset - usbd_iso_packet_desc[i].Offset) : usbd_iso_packet_desc[i].Length;
-					unsigned int actual_length = usbd_iso_packet_desc[i].Length;
-					USBD_STATUS status = usbd_iso_packet_desc[i].Status;
-
-					transfer->iso_packet_desc[i].length = packet_length;
-					transfer->iso_packet_desc[i].actual_length = actual_length;
-					transfer->iso_packet_desc[i].status = usbd_status_to_libusb_transfer_status(status);
-				}
-			} else {
-				for (i = 0; i < transfer->num_iso_packets; i++) {
-					transfer->iso_packet_desc[i].status = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED;
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			// This should only occur if backend is not set correctly or other backend isoc is partially implemented
-			PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(copy_transfer_data);
-			return LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR;
-		}
-	}
-
-	itransfer->transferred += (int)length;
-	return LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED;
-}
-
-/*
- * Internal HID Support functions (from libusb-win32)
- * Note that functions that complete data transfer synchronously must return
- * LIBUSB_COMPLETED instead of LIBUSB_SUCCESS
- */
-static int _hid_get_hid_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv *dev, void *data, size_t *size);
-static int _hid_get_report_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv *dev, void *data, size_t *size);
-
-static int _hid_wcslen(WCHAR *str)
-{
-	int i = 0;
-
-	while (str[i] && (str[i] != 0x409))
-		i++;
-
-	return i;
-}
-
-static int _hid_get_device_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv *hid_priv, void *data, size_t *size)
-{
-	struct libusb_device_descriptor d;
-
-	d.bLength = LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE;
-	d.bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE;
-	d.bcdUSB = 0x0200; /* 2.00 */
-	d.bDeviceClass = 0;
-	d.bDeviceSubClass = 0;
-	d.bDeviceProtocol = 0;
-	d.bMaxPacketSize0 = 64; /* fix this! */
-	d.idVendor = (uint16_t)hid_priv->vid;
-	d.idProduct = (uint16_t)hid_priv->pid;
-	d.bcdDevice = 0x0100;
-	d.iManufacturer = hid_priv->string_index[0];
-	d.iProduct = hid_priv->string_index[1];
-	d.iSerialNumber = hid_priv->string_index[2];
-	d.bNumConfigurations = 1;
-
-	if (*size > LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE)
-		*size = LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE;
-	memcpy(data, &d, *size);
-
-	return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
-}
-
-static int _hid_get_config_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv *hid_priv, void *data, size_t *size)
-{
-	char num_endpoints = 0;
-	size_t config_total_len = 0;
-	char tmp[HID_MAX_CONFIG_DESC_SIZE];
-	struct libusb_config_descriptor *cd;
-	struct libusb_interface_descriptor *id;
-	struct libusb_hid_descriptor *hd;
-	struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *ed;
-	size_t tmp_size;
-
-	if (hid_priv->input_report_size)
-		num_endpoints++;
-	if (hid_priv->output_report_size)
-		num_endpoints++;
-
-	config_total_len = LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE + LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE
-		+ LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE + num_endpoints * LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE;
-
-	cd = (struct libusb_config_descriptor *)tmp;
-	id = (struct libusb_interface_descriptor *)(tmp + LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE);
-	hd = (struct libusb_hid_descriptor *)(tmp + LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE
-		+ LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE);
-	ed = (struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *)(tmp + LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE
-		+ LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE
-		+ LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE);
-
-	cd->bLength = LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE;
-	cd->bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG;
-	cd->wTotalLength = (uint16_t)config_total_len;
-	cd->bNumInterfaces = 1;
-	cd->bConfigurationValue = 1;
-	cd->iConfiguration = 0;
-	cd->bmAttributes = 1 << 7; /* bus powered */
-	cd->MaxPower = 50;
-
-	id->bLength = LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE;
-	id->bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE;
-	id->bInterfaceNumber = 0;
-	id->bAlternateSetting = 0;
-	id->bNumEndpoints = num_endpoints;
-	id->bInterfaceClass = 3;
-	id->bInterfaceSubClass = 0;
-	id->bInterfaceProtocol = 0;
-	id->iInterface = 0;
-
-	tmp_size = LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE;
-	_hid_get_hid_descriptor(hid_priv, hd, &tmp_size);
-
-	if (hid_priv->input_report_size) {
-		ed->bLength = LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE;
-		ed->bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT;
-		ed->bEndpointAddress = HID_IN_EP;
-		ed->bmAttributes = 3;
-		ed->wMaxPacketSize = hid_priv->input_report_size - 1;
-		ed->bInterval = 10;
-		ed = (struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *)((char *)ed + LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE);
-	}
-
-	if (hid_priv->output_report_size) {
-		ed->bLength = LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE;
-		ed->bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT;
-		ed->bEndpointAddress = HID_OUT_EP;
-		ed->bmAttributes = 3;
-		ed->wMaxPacketSize = hid_priv->output_report_size - 1;
-		ed->bInterval = 10;
-	}
-
-	if (*size > config_total_len)
-		*size = config_total_len;
-	memcpy(data, tmp, *size);
-
-	return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
-}
-
-static int _hid_get_string_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv *hid_priv, int _index,
-	void *data, size_t *size, HANDLE hid_handle)
-{
-	void *tmp = NULL;
-	WCHAR string[MAX_USB_STRING_LENGTH];
-	size_t tmp_size = 0;
-	int i;
-
-	/* language ID, EN-US */
-	char string_langid[] = {0x09, 0x04};
-
-	if (_index == 0) {
-		tmp = string_langid;
-		tmp_size = sizeof(string_langid) + 2;
-	} else {
-		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-			if (_index == (hid_priv->string_index[i])) {
-				tmp = hid_priv->string[i];
-				tmp_size = (_hid_wcslen(hid_priv->string[i]) + 1) * sizeof(WCHAR);
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if (i == 3) {
-			if (!HidD_GetIndexedString(hid_handle, _index, string, sizeof(string)))
-				return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-			tmp = string;
-			tmp_size = (_hid_wcslen(string) + 1) * sizeof(WCHAR);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (!tmp_size)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-
-	if (tmp_size < *size)
-		*size = tmp_size;
-
-	// 2 byte header
-	((uint8_t *)data)[0] = (uint8_t)*size;
-	((uint8_t *)data)[1] = LIBUSB_DT_STRING;
-	memcpy((uint8_t *)data + 2, tmp, *size - 2);
-
-	return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
-}
-
-static int _hid_get_hid_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv *hid_priv, void *data, size_t *size)
-{
-	struct libusb_hid_descriptor d;
-	uint8_t tmp[MAX_HID_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE];
-	size_t report_len = MAX_HID_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE;
-
-	_hid_get_report_descriptor(hid_priv, tmp, &report_len);
-
-	d.bLength = LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE;
-	d.bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_HID;
-	d.bcdHID = 0x0110; /* 1.10 */
-	d.bCountryCode = 0;
-	d.bNumDescriptors = 1;
-	d.bClassDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_REPORT;
-	d.wClassDescriptorLength = (uint16_t)report_len;
-
-	if (*size > LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE)
-		*size = LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE;
-	memcpy(data, &d, *size);
-
-	return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
-}
-
-static int _hid_get_report_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv *hid_priv, void *data, size_t *size)
-{
-	uint8_t d[MAX_HID_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE];
-	size_t i = 0;
-
-	/* usage page */
-	d[i++] = 0x06; d[i++] = hid_priv->usagePage & 0xFF; d[i++] = hid_priv->usagePage >> 8;
-	/* usage */
-	d[i++] = 0x09; d[i++] = (uint8_t)hid_priv->usage;
-	/* start collection (application) */
-	d[i++] = 0xA1; d[i++] = 0x01;
-	/* input report */
-	if (hid_priv->input_report_size) {
-		/* usage (vendor defined) */
-		d[i++] = 0x09; d[i++] = 0x01;
-		/* logical minimum (0) */
-		d[i++] = 0x15; d[i++] = 0x00;
-		/* logical maximum (255) */
-		d[i++] = 0x25; d[i++] = 0xFF;
-		/* report size (8 bits) */
-		d[i++] = 0x75; d[i++] = 0x08;
-		/* report count */
-		d[i++] = 0x95; d[i++] = (uint8_t)hid_priv->input_report_size - 1;
-		/* input (data, variable, absolute) */
-		d[i++] = 0x81; d[i++] = 0x00;
-	}
-	/* output report */
-	if (hid_priv->output_report_size) {
-		/* usage (vendor defined) */
-		d[i++] = 0x09; d[i++] = 0x02;
-		/* logical minimum (0) */
-		d[i++] = 0x15; d[i++] = 0x00;
-		/* logical maximum (255) */
-		d[i++] = 0x25; d[i++] = 0xFF;
-		/* report size (8 bits) */
-		d[i++] = 0x75; d[i++] = 0x08;
-		/* report count */
-		d[i++] = 0x95; d[i++] = (uint8_t)hid_priv->output_report_size - 1;
-		/* output (data, variable, absolute) */
-		d[i++] = 0x91; d[i++] = 0x00;
-	}
-	/* feature report */
-	if (hid_priv->feature_report_size) {
-		/* usage (vendor defined) */
-		d[i++] = 0x09; d[i++] = 0x03;
-		/* logical minimum (0) */
-		d[i++] = 0x15; d[i++] = 0x00;
-		/* logical maximum (255) */
-		d[i++] = 0x25; d[i++] = 0xFF;
-		/* report size (8 bits) */
-		d[i++] = 0x75; d[i++] = 0x08;
-		/* report count */
-		d[i++] = 0x95; d[i++] = (uint8_t)hid_priv->feature_report_size - 1;
-		/* feature (data, variable, absolute) */
-		d[i++] = 0xb2; d[i++] = 0x02; d[i++] = 0x01;
-	}
-
-	/* end collection */
-	d[i++] = 0xC0;
-
-	if (*size > i)
-		*size = i;
-	memcpy(data, d, *size);
-
-	return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
-}
-
-static int _hid_get_descriptor(struct libusb_device *dev, HANDLE hid_handle, int recipient,
-	int type, int _index, void *data, size_t *size)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-	UNUSED(recipient);
-
-	switch (type) {
-	case LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE:
-		usbi_dbg(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE");
-		return _hid_get_device_descriptor(priv->hid, data, size);
-	case LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG:
-		usbi_dbg(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG");
-		if (!_index)
-			return _hid_get_config_descriptor(priv->hid, data, size);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-	case LIBUSB_DT_STRING:
-		usbi_dbg(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "LIBUSB_DT_STRING");
-		return _hid_get_string_descriptor(priv->hid, _index, data, size, hid_handle);
-	case LIBUSB_DT_HID:
-		usbi_dbg(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "LIBUSB_DT_HID");
-		if (!_index)
-			return _hid_get_hid_descriptor(priv->hid, data, size);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-	case LIBUSB_DT_REPORT:
-		usbi_dbg(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "LIBUSB_DT_REPORT");
-		if (!_index)
-			return _hid_get_report_descriptor(priv->hid, data, size);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-	case LIBUSB_DT_PHYSICAL:
-		usbi_dbg(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "LIBUSB_DT_PHYSICAL");
-		if (HidD_GetPhysicalDescriptor(hid_handle, data, (ULONG)*size))
-			return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
-	}
-
-	usbi_warn(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "unsupported");
-	return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-}
-
-static int _hid_get_report(struct libusb_device *dev, HANDLE hid_handle, int id, void *data,
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *tp, size_t size, OVERLAPPED *overlapped, int report_type)
-{
-	DWORD ioctl_code, expected_size = (DWORD)size;
-	uint8_t *buf;
-
-	if (tp->hid_buffer != NULL)
-		usbi_err(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "program assertion failed - hid_buffer is not NULL");
-
-	if ((size == 0) || (size > MAX_HID_REPORT_SIZE)) {
-		usbi_warn(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "invalid size (%"PRIuPTR")", (uintptr_t)size);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-	}
-
-	switch (report_type) {
-	case HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT:
-		ioctl_code = IOCTL_HID_GET_INPUT_REPORT;
-		break;
-	case HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE:
-		ioctl_code = IOCTL_HID_GET_FEATURE;
-		break;
-	default:
-		usbi_warn(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "unknown HID report type %d", report_type);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-	}
-
-	// Add a trailing byte to detect overflows
-	buf = calloc(1, expected_size + 1);
-	if (buf == NULL)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-
-	buf[0] = (uint8_t)id; // Must be set always
-	usbi_dbg(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "report ID: 0x%02X", buf[0]);
-
-	// NB: The size returned by DeviceIoControl doesn't include report IDs when not in use (0)
-	if (!DeviceIoControl(hid_handle, ioctl_code, buf, expected_size + 1,
-		buf, expected_size + 1, NULL, overlapped)) {
-		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
-			usbi_err(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "failed to read HID Report: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-			free(buf);
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Asynchronous wait
-	tp->hid_buffer = buf;
-	tp->hid_dest = data; // copy dest, as not necessarily the start of the transfer buffer
-	tp->hid_expected_size = expected_size;
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int _hid_set_report(struct libusb_device *dev, HANDLE hid_handle, int id, void *data,
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *tp, size_t size, OVERLAPPED *overlapped, int report_type)
-{
-	DWORD ioctl_code, write_size = (DWORD)size;
-	// If an id is reported, we must allow MAX_HID_REPORT_SIZE + 1
-	size_t max_report_size = MAX_HID_REPORT_SIZE + (id ? 1 : 0);
-	uint8_t *buf;
-
-	if (tp->hid_buffer != NULL)
-		usbi_err(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "program assertion failed - hid_buffer is not NULL");
-
-	if ((size == 0) || (size > max_report_size)) {
-		usbi_warn(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "invalid size (%"PRIuPTR")", (uintptr_t)size);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-	}
-
-	switch (report_type) {
-	case HID_REPORT_TYPE_OUTPUT:
-		ioctl_code = IOCTL_HID_SET_OUTPUT_REPORT;
-		break;
-	case HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE:
-		ioctl_code = IOCTL_HID_SET_FEATURE;
-		break;
-	default:
-		usbi_warn(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "unknown HID report type %d", report_type);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-	}
-
-	usbi_dbg(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "report ID: 0x%02X", id);
-	// When report IDs are not used (i.e. when id == 0), we must add
-	// a null report ID. Otherwise, we just use original data buffer
-	if (id == 0)
-		write_size++;
-
-	buf = malloc(write_size);
-	if (buf == NULL)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-
-	if (id == 0) {
-		buf[0] = 0;
-		memcpy(buf + 1, data, size);
-	} else {
-		// This seems like a waste, but if we don't duplicate the
-		// data, we'll get issues when freeing hid_buffer
-		memcpy(buf, data, size);
-		if (buf[0] != id)
-			usbi_warn(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "mismatched report ID (data is %02X, parameter is %02X)", buf[0], id);
-	}
-
-	// NB: The size returned by DeviceIoControl doesn't include report IDs when not in use (0)
-	if (!DeviceIoControl(hid_handle, ioctl_code, buf, write_size,
-		buf, write_size, NULL, overlapped)) {
-		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
-			usbi_err(DEVICE_CTX(dev), "failed to write HID Output Report: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-			free(buf);
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
-		}
-	}
-
-	tp->hid_buffer = buf;
-	tp->hid_dest = NULL;
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int _hid_class_request(struct libusb_device *dev, HANDLE hid_handle, int request_type,
-	int request, int value, int _index, void *data, struct winusb_transfer_priv *tp,
-	size_t size, OVERLAPPED *overlapped)
-{
-	int report_type = (value >> 8) & 0xFF;
-	int report_id = value & 0xFF;
-
-	UNUSED(_index);
-
-	if ((LIBUSB_REQ_RECIPIENT(request_type) != LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE)
-			&& (LIBUSB_REQ_RECIPIENT(request_type) != LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_DEVICE))
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-
-	if (LIBUSB_REQ_OUT(request_type) && request == HID_REQ_SET_REPORT)
-		return _hid_set_report(dev, hid_handle, report_id, data, tp, size, overlapped, report_type);
-
-	if (LIBUSB_REQ_IN(request_type) && request == HID_REQ_GET_REPORT)
-		return _hid_get_report(dev, hid_handle, report_id, data, tp, size, overlapped, report_type);
-
-	return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-}
-
-/*
- * HID API functions
- */
-static bool hid_init(struct libusb_context *ctx)
-{
-	DLL_GET_HANDLE(ctx, hid);
-
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidD_GetAttributes, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidD_GetHidGuid, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidD_GetPreparsedData, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidD_FreePreparsedData, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidD_GetManufacturerString, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidD_GetProductString, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidD_GetSerialNumberString, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidD_GetIndexedString, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidP_GetCaps, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidD_SetNumInputBuffers, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidD_GetPhysicalDescriptor, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidD_FlushQueue, true);
-	DLL_LOAD_FUNC(hid, HidP_GetValueCaps, true);
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-static void hid_exit(void)
-{
-	DLL_FREE_HANDLE(hid);
-}
-
-// NB: open and close must ensure that they only handle interface of
-// the right API type, as these functions can be called wholesale from
-// composite_open(), with interfaces belonging to different APIs
-static int hid_open(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct libusb_device *dev = dev_handle->dev;
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev);
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	HIDD_ATTRIBUTES hid_attributes;
-	PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA preparsed_data = NULL;
-	HIDP_CAPS capabilities;
-	HIDP_VALUE_CAPS *value_caps;
-	HANDLE hid_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-	int i, j;
-	// report IDs handling
-	ULONG size[3];
-	int nb_ids[2]; // zero and nonzero report IDs
-#if defined(ENABLE_LOGGING)
-	const char * const type[3] = {"input", "output", "feature"};
-#endif
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
-
-	if (priv->hid == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "program assertion failed - private HID structure is uninitialized");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
-		if ((priv->usb_interface[i].path != NULL)
-				&& (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id == USB_API_HID)) {
-			hid_handle = windows_open(dev_handle, priv->usb_interface[i].path, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE);
-			/*
-			 * http://www.lvr.com/hidfaq.htm: Why do I receive "Access denied" when attempting to access my HID?
-			 * "Windows 2000 and later have exclusive read/write access to HIDs that are configured as a system
-			 * keyboards or mice. An application can obtain a handle to a system keyboard or mouse by not
-			 * requesting READ or WRITE access with CreateFile. Applications can then use HidD_SetFeature and
-			 * HidD_GetFeature (if the device supports Feature reports)."
-			 */
-			if (hid_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-				usbi_warn(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "could not open HID device in R/W mode (keyboard or mouse?) - trying without");
-				hid_handle = windows_open(dev_handle, priv->usb_interface[i].path, 0);
-				if (hid_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-					usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "could not open device %s (interface %d): %s", priv->path, i, windows_error_str(0));
-					switch (GetLastError()) {
-					case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: // The device was disconnected
-						return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-					case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
-						return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
-					default:
-						return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
-					}
-				}
-				priv->usb_interface[i].restricted_functionality = true;
-			}
-			handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle = hid_handle;
-		}
-	}
-
-	hid_attributes.Size = sizeof(hid_attributes);
-	do {
-		if (!HidD_GetAttributes(hid_handle, &hid_attributes)) {
-			usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "could not gain access to HID top collection (HidD_GetAttributes)");
-			break;
-		}
-
-		priv->hid->vid = hid_attributes.VendorID;
-		priv->hid->pid = hid_attributes.ProductID;
-
-		// Set the maximum available input buffer size
-		for (i = 32; HidD_SetNumInputBuffers(hid_handle, i); i *= 2);
-		usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "set maximum input buffer size to %d", i / 2);
-
-		// Get the maximum input and output report size
-		if (!HidD_GetPreparsedData(hid_handle, &preparsed_data) || !preparsed_data) {
-			usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "could not read HID preparsed data (HidD_GetPreparsedData)");
-			break;
-		}
-		if (HidP_GetCaps(preparsed_data, &capabilities) != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
-			usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "could not parse HID capabilities (HidP_GetCaps)");
-			break;
-		}
-
-		// Find out if interrupt will need report IDs
-		size[0] = capabilities.NumberInputValueCaps;
-		size[1] = capabilities.NumberOutputValueCaps;
-		size[2] = capabilities.NumberFeatureValueCaps;
-		for (j = HidP_Input; j <= HidP_Feature; j++) {
-			usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "%lu HID %s report value(s) found", ULONG_CAST(size[j]), type[j]);
-			priv->hid->uses_report_ids[j] = false;
-			if (size[j] > 0) {
-				value_caps = calloc(size[j], sizeof(HIDP_VALUE_CAPS));
-				if ((value_caps != NULL)
-						&& (HidP_GetValueCaps((HIDP_REPORT_TYPE)j, value_caps, &size[j], preparsed_data) == HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS)
-						&& (size[j] >= 1)) {
-					nb_ids[0] = 0;
-					nb_ids[1] = 0;
-					for (i = 0; i < (int)size[j]; i++) {
-						usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "  Report ID: 0x%02X", value_caps[i].ReportID);
-						if (value_caps[i].ReportID != 0)
-							nb_ids[1]++;
-						else
-							nb_ids[0]++;
-					}
-					if (nb_ids[1] != 0) {
-						if (nb_ids[0] != 0)
-							usbi_warn(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "program assertion failed - zero and nonzero report IDs used for %s",
-								type[j]);
-						priv->hid->uses_report_ids[j] = true;
-					}
-				} else {
-					usbi_warn(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "  could not process %s report IDs", type[j]);
-				}
-				free(value_caps);
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Set the report sizes
-		priv->hid->input_report_size = capabilities.InputReportByteLength;
-		priv->hid->output_report_size = capabilities.OutputReportByteLength;
-		priv->hid->feature_report_size = capabilities.FeatureReportByteLength;
-
-		// Store usage and usagePage values
-		priv->hid->usage = capabilities.Usage;
-		priv->hid->usagePage = capabilities.UsagePage;
-
-		// Fetch string descriptors
-		priv->hid->string_index[0] = dev->device_descriptor.iManufacturer;
-		if (priv->hid->string_index[0] != 0)
-			HidD_GetManufacturerString(hid_handle, priv->hid->string[0], sizeof(priv->hid->string[0]));
-		else
-			priv->hid->string[0][0] = 0;
-
-		priv->hid->string_index[1] = dev->device_descriptor.iProduct;
-		if (priv->hid->string_index[1] != 0)
-			HidD_GetProductString(hid_handle, priv->hid->string[1], sizeof(priv->hid->string[1]));
-		else
-			priv->hid->string[1][0] = 0;
-
-		priv->hid->string_index[2] = dev->device_descriptor.iSerialNumber;
-		if (priv->hid->string_index[2] != 0)
-			HidD_GetSerialNumberString(hid_handle, priv->hid->string[2], sizeof(priv->hid->string[2]));
-		else
-			priv->hid->string[2][0] = 0;
-	} while (0);
-
-	if (preparsed_data)
-		HidD_FreePreparsedData(preparsed_data);
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static void hid_close(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	HANDLE file_handle;
-	int i;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-
-	if (DLL_HANDLE_NAME(hid) == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
-		if (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id == USB_API_HID) {
-			file_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle;
-			if (HANDLE_VALID(file_handle))
-				CloseHandle(file_handle);
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-static int hid_claim_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
-
-	// NB: Disconnection detection is not possible in this function
-	if (priv->usb_interface[iface].path == NULL)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND; // invalid iface
-
-	// We use dev_handle as a flag for interface claimed
-	if (handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle == INTERFACE_CLAIMED)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY; // already claimed
-
-	handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle = INTERFACE_CLAIMED;
-
-	usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "claimed interface %u", iface);
-	handle_priv->active_interface = iface;
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int hid_release_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
-
-	if (priv->usb_interface[iface].path == NULL)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND; // invalid iface
-
-	if (handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle != INTERFACE_CLAIMED)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND; // invalid iface
-
-	handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int hid_set_interface_altsetting(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface, uint8_t altsetting)
-{
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	UNUSED(iface);
-
-	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
-
-	if (altsetting != 0) {
-		usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "set interface altsetting not supported for altsetting >0");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int hid_submit_control_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle = transfer->dev_handle;
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET *setup = (WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET *)transfer->buffer;
-	HANDLE hid_handle;
-	OVERLAPPED *overlapped;
-	int current_interface;
-	uint8_t config;
-	size_t size;
-	int r;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
-
-	safe_free(transfer_priv->hid_buffer);
-	transfer_priv->hid_dest = NULL;
-	size = transfer->length - LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE;
-
-	if (size > MAX_CTRL_BUFFER_LENGTH)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
-
-	current_interface = get_valid_interface(dev_handle, USB_API_HID);
-	if (current_interface < 0) {
-		if (auto_claim(transfer, &current_interface, USB_API_HID) != LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	usbi_dbg(ITRANSFER_CTX(itransfer), "will use interface %d", current_interface);
-
-	transfer_priv->interface_number = (uint8_t)current_interface;
-	hid_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
-	set_transfer_priv_handle(itransfer, hid_handle);
-	overlapped = get_transfer_priv_overlapped(itransfer);
-
-	switch (LIBUSB_REQ_TYPE(setup->RequestType)) {
-	case LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_STANDARD:
-		switch (setup->Request) {
-		case LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR:
-			r = _hid_get_descriptor(dev_handle->dev, hid_handle, LIBUSB_REQ_RECIPIENT(setup->RequestType),
-				(setup->Value >> 8) & 0xFF, setup->Value & 0xFF, transfer->buffer + LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE, &size);
-			break;
-		case LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_CONFIGURATION:
-			r = winusb_get_configuration(dev_handle, &config);
-			if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
-				size = 1;
-				((uint8_t *)transfer->buffer)[LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE] = config;
-				r = LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
-			}
-			break;
-		case LIBUSB_REQUEST_SET_CONFIGURATION:
-			if (setup->Value == priv->active_config) {
-				r = LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
-			} else {
-				usbi_warn(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "cannot set configuration other than the default one");
-				r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-			}
-			break;
-		case LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_INTERFACE:
-			size = 1;
-			((uint8_t *)transfer->buffer)[LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE] = 0;
-			r = LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
-			break;
-		case LIBUSB_REQUEST_SET_INTERFACE:
-			r = hid_set_interface_altsetting(0, dev_handle, (uint8_t)setup->Index, (uint8_t)setup->Value);
-			if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-				r = LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
-			break;
-		default:
-			usbi_warn(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "unsupported HID control request");
-			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-		}
-		break;
-	case LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS:
-		r = _hid_class_request(dev_handle->dev, hid_handle, setup->RequestType, setup->Request, setup->Value,
-			setup->Index, transfer->buffer + LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE, transfer_priv,
-			size, overlapped);
-		break;
-	default:
-		usbi_warn(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "unsupported HID control request");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-	}
-
-	if (r < 0)
-		return r;
-
-	if (r == LIBUSB_COMPLETED) {
-		// Force request to be completed synchronously. Transferred size has been set by previous call
-		windows_force_sync_completion(itransfer, (ULONG)size);
-		r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int hid_submit_bulk_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	HANDLE hid_handle;
-	OVERLAPPED *overlapped;
-	bool direction_in;
-	BOOL ret;
-	int current_interface, length;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
-
-	if (IS_XFEROUT(transfer) && (transfer->flags & LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ADD_ZERO_PACKET))
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
-
-	transfer_priv->hid_dest = NULL;
-	safe_free(transfer_priv->hid_buffer);
-
-	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, transfer->endpoint);
-	if (current_interface < 0) {
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cancelling transfer");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "matched endpoint %02X with interface %d", transfer->endpoint, current_interface);
-
-	transfer_priv->interface_number = (uint8_t)current_interface;
-	hid_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
-	set_transfer_priv_handle(itransfer, hid_handle);
-	overlapped = get_transfer_priv_overlapped(itransfer);
-	direction_in = IS_XFERIN(transfer);
-
-	// If report IDs are not in use, an extra prefix byte must be added
-	if (((direction_in) && (!priv->hid->uses_report_ids[0]))
-			|| ((!direction_in) && (!priv->hid->uses_report_ids[1])))
-		length = transfer->length + 1;
-	else
-		length = transfer->length;
-
-	// Add a trailing byte to detect overflows on input
-	transfer_priv->hid_buffer = calloc(1, length + 1);
-	if (transfer_priv->hid_buffer == NULL)
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
-
-	transfer_priv->hid_expected_size = length;
-
-	if (direction_in) {
-		transfer_priv->hid_dest = transfer->buffer;
-		usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "reading %d bytes (report ID: 0x00)", length);
-		ret = ReadFile(hid_handle, transfer_priv->hid_buffer, length + 1, NULL, overlapped);
-	} else {
-		if (!priv->hid->uses_report_ids[1])
-			memcpy(transfer_priv->hid_buffer + 1, transfer->buffer, transfer->length);
-		else
-			// We could actually do without the calloc and memcpy in this case
-			memcpy(transfer_priv->hid_buffer, transfer->buffer, transfer->length);
-
-		usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "writing %d bytes (report ID: 0x%02X)", length, transfer_priv->hid_buffer[0]);
-		ret = WriteFile(hid_handle, transfer_priv->hid_buffer, length, NULL, overlapped);
-	}
-
-	if (!ret && GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "HID transfer failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-		safe_free(transfer_priv->hid_buffer);
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int hid_reset_device(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	HANDLE hid_handle;
-	int current_interface;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
-
-	// Flushing the queues on all interfaces is the best we can achieve
-	for (current_interface = 0; current_interface < USB_MAXINTERFACES; current_interface++) {
-		hid_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
-		if (HANDLE_VALID(hid_handle))
-			HidD_FlushQueue(hid_handle);
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static int hid_clear_halt(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	HANDLE hid_handle;
-	int current_interface;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
-
-	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, endpoint);
-	if (current_interface < 0) {
-		usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cannot clear");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "matched endpoint %02X with interface %d", endpoint, current_interface);
-	hid_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
-
-	// No endpoint selection with Microsoft's implementation, so we try to flush the
-	// whole interface. Should be OK for most case scenarios
-	if (!HidD_FlushQueue(hid_handle)) {
-		usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "Flushing of HID queue failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
-		// Device was probably disconnected
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-// This extra function is only needed for HID
-static enum libusb_transfer_status hid_copy_transfer_data(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, DWORD length)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	enum libusb_transfer_status r = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-
-	if (transfer_priv->hid_buffer != NULL) {
-		// If we have a valid hid_buffer, it means the transfer was async
-		if (transfer_priv->hid_dest != NULL) { // Data readout
-			if (length > 0) {
-				// First, check for overflow
-				if ((size_t)length > transfer_priv->hid_expected_size) {
-					usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "OVERFLOW!");
-					length = (DWORD)transfer_priv->hid_expected_size;
-					r = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_OVERFLOW;
-				}
-
-				if (transfer_priv->hid_buffer[0] == 0) {
-					memcpy(transfer_priv->hid_dest, transfer_priv->hid_buffer + 1, length);
-				} else {
-					memcpy(transfer_priv->hid_dest, transfer_priv->hid_buffer, length);
-				}
-			}
-			transfer_priv->hid_dest = NULL;
-		}
-		// For write, we just need to free the hid buffer
-		safe_free(transfer_priv->hid_buffer);
-	}
-
-	itransfer->transferred += (int)length;
-	return r;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Composite API functions
- */
-static int composite_open(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	int i, r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	// SUB_API_MAX + 1 as the SUB_API_MAX pos is used to indicate availability of HID
-	bool available[SUB_API_MAX + 1];
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < SUB_API_MAX + 1; i++)
-		available[i] = false;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
-		switch (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id) {
-		case USB_API_WINUSBX:
-			if (priv->usb_interface[i].sub_api != SUB_API_NOTSET)
-				available[priv->usb_interface[i].sub_api] = true;
-			break;
-		case USB_API_HID:
-			available[SUB_API_MAX] = true;
-			break;
-		default:
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < SUB_API_MAX; i++) { // WinUSB-like drivers
-		if (available[i]) {
-			r = usb_api_backend[USB_API_WINUSBX].open(i, dev_handle);
-			if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-				return r;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (available[SUB_API_MAX]) { // HID driver
-		r = hid_open(SUB_API_NOTSET, dev_handle);
-
-		// On Windows 10 version 1903 (OS Build 18362) and later Windows blocks attempts to
-		// open HID devices with a U2F usage unless running as administrator. We ignore this
-		// failure and proceed without the HID device opened.
-		if (r == LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS) {
-			usbi_dbg(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "ignoring access denied error while opening HID interface of composite device");
-			r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return r;
-}
-
-static void composite_close(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	int i;
-	// SUB_API_MAX + 1 as the SUB_API_MAX pos is used to indicate availability of HID
-	bool available[SUB_API_MAX + 1];
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < SUB_API_MAX + 1; i++)
-		available[i] = false;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
-		switch (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id) {
-		case USB_API_WINUSBX:
-			if (priv->usb_interface[i].sub_api != SUB_API_NOTSET)
-				available[priv->usb_interface[i].sub_api] = true;
-			break;
-		case USB_API_HID:
-			available[SUB_API_MAX] = true;
-			break;
-		default:
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < SUB_API_MAX; i++) { // WinUSB-like drivers
-		if (available[i])
-			usb_api_backend[USB_API_WINUSBX].close(i, dev_handle);
-	}
-
-	if (available[SUB_API_MAX]) // HID driver
-		hid_close(SUB_API_NOTSET, dev_handle);
-}
-
-static int composite_claim_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->usb_interface[iface].apib, claim_interface);
-
-	return priv->usb_interface[iface].apib->
-		claim_interface(priv->usb_interface[iface].sub_api, dev_handle, iface);
-}
-
-static int composite_set_interface_altsetting(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface, uint8_t altsetting)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->usb_interface[iface].apib, set_interface_altsetting);
-
-	return priv->usb_interface[iface].apib->
-		set_interface_altsetting(priv->usb_interface[iface].sub_api, dev_handle, iface, altsetting);
-}
-
-static int composite_release_interface(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, uint8_t iface)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->usb_interface[iface].apib, release_interface);
-
-	return priv->usb_interface[iface].apib->
-		release_interface(priv->usb_interface[iface].sub_api, dev_handle, iface);
-}
-
-static int composite_submit_control_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	struct libusb_config_descriptor *conf_desc;
-	WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET *setup = (WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET *)transfer->buffer;
-	int iface, pass, r;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-
-	// Interface shouldn't matter for control, but it does in practice, with Windows'
-	// restrictions with regards to accessing HID keyboards and mice. Try to target
-	// a specific interface first, if possible.
-	switch (LIBUSB_REQ_RECIPIENT(setup->RequestType)) {
-	case LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE:
-		iface = setup->Index & 0xFF;
-		break;
-	case LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_ENDPOINT:
-		r = libusb_get_active_config_descriptor(transfer->dev_handle->dev, &conf_desc);
-		if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
-			iface = get_interface_by_endpoint(conf_desc, (setup->Index & 0xFF));
-			libusb_free_config_descriptor(conf_desc);
-			break;
-		}
-		// No break if not able to determine interface
-		// Fall through
-	default:
-		iface = -1;
-		break;
-	}
-
-	// Try and target a specific interface if the control setup indicates such
-	if ((iface >= 0) && (iface < USB_MAXINTERFACES)) {
-		usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "attempting control transfer targeted to interface %d", iface);
-		if ((priv->usb_interface[iface].path != NULL)
-				&& (priv->usb_interface[iface].apib->submit_control_transfer != NULL)) {
-			r = priv->usb_interface[iface].apib->submit_control_transfer(priv->usb_interface[iface].sub_api, itransfer);
-			if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-				return r;
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Either not targeted to a specific interface or no luck in doing so.
-	// Try a 2 pass approach with all interfaces.
-	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
-		for (iface = 0; iface < USB_MAXINTERFACES; iface++) {
-			if ((priv->usb_interface[iface].path != NULL)
-					&& (priv->usb_interface[iface].apib->submit_control_transfer != NULL)) {
-				if ((pass == 0) && (priv->usb_interface[iface].restricted_functionality)) {
-					usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "trying to skip restricted interface #%d (HID keyboard or mouse?)", iface);
-					continue;
-				}
-				usbi_dbg(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "using interface %d", iface);
-				r = priv->usb_interface[iface].apib->submit_control_transfer(priv->usb_interface[iface].sub_api, itransfer);
-				// If not supported on this API, it may be supported on another, so don't give up yet!!
-				if (r == LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)
-					continue;
-				return r;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "no libusb supported interfaces to complete request");
-	return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-}
-
-static int composite_submit_bulk_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	int current_interface;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-
-	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, transfer->endpoint);
-	if (current_interface < 0) {
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cancelling transfer");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib, submit_bulk_transfer);
-
-	return priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib->
-		submit_bulk_transfer(priv->usb_interface[current_interface].sub_api, itransfer);
-}
-
-static int composite_submit_iso_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	int current_interface;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-
-	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, transfer->endpoint);
-	if (current_interface < 0) {
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cancelling transfer");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib, submit_iso_transfer);
-
-	return priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib->
-		submit_iso_transfer(priv->usb_interface[current_interface].sub_api, itransfer);
-}
-
-static int composite_clear_halt(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = get_winusb_device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	int current_interface;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-
-	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, endpoint);
-	if (current_interface < 0) {
-		usbi_err(HANDLE_CTX(dev_handle), "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cannot clear");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib, clear_halt);
-
-	return priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib->
-		clear_halt(priv->usb_interface[current_interface].sub_api, dev_handle, endpoint);
-}
-
-static int composite_cancel_transfer(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	int current_interface = transfer_priv->interface_number;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-
-	if ((current_interface < 0) || (current_interface >= USB_MAXINTERFACES)) {
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "program assertion failed - invalid interface_number");
-		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
-	}
-
-	CHECK_SUPPORTED_API(priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib, cancel_transfer);
-
-	return priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib->
-		cancel_transfer(priv->usb_interface[current_interface].sub_api, itransfer);
-}
-
-static int composite_reset_device(int sub_api, struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
-{
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
-	int i, r;
-	bool available[SUB_API_MAX];
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < SUB_API_MAX; i++)
-		available[i] = false;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
-		if ((priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id == USB_API_WINUSBX)
-				&& (priv->usb_interface[i].sub_api != SUB_API_NOTSET))
-			available[priv->usb_interface[i].sub_api] = true;
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < SUB_API_MAX; i++) {
-		if (available[i]) {
-			r = usb_api_backend[USB_API_WINUSBX].reset_device(i, dev_handle);
-			if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
-				return r;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
-}
-
-static enum libusb_transfer_status composite_copy_transfer_data(int sub_api, struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, DWORD length)
-{
-	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = get_winusb_transfer_priv(itransfer);
-	struct winusb_device_priv *priv = usbi_get_device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
-	int current_interface = transfer_priv->interface_number;
-
-	UNUSED(sub_api);
-	if (priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib->copy_transfer_data == NULL) {
-		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "program assertion failed - no function to copy transfer data");
-		return LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR;
-	}
-
-	return priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib->
-		copy_transfer_data(priv->usb_interface[current_interface].sub_api, itransfer, length);
-}